35THE ARCHITECTONIC AS ARCHÉ
Yet often scholars urgently disagree about the “mere likely” account of
the Timaeus. To quote Gregory Vlastos extensively:
Commentators often pick the expression
e„kÒta màqon
(29d) out of Timaeus’ epistemological introduction (29b-d), and use
it as though the emphasis were on
màqon instead of e„kÒta. This is
certainly wrong.
e„kÒj is an important word. It is used thrice explicitly
(29c2,8;29d2), and once implicitly (29b
e„kÒnoj ...suggene‹j). Of
these four, it is used thrice as an adjective of
lÒgoj, once of màqon.
In the seventeen echoes of this introduction throughout the rest of
the dialogue,
màqon is used thrice (59c, 68d, 69c), while e„kÒj and
e„kÒtaj,
etc. are used sixteen times (30b, 34c, 44d, 48c, 48d, 49b,
53d, 55d, 56a, 56d, 57d, 59c, 68d, 72d, 90e).
e„kÒta lÒgon is used
eight times;
e„kÒta màqon twice. And it is a pretty commentary on
the ‘mythological’ connotations of
e„kÒta màqon that it is used both
times of a purely scientific opinion: 59c, of the composition of metals,
and 68d, of color-mixture.
A mythos is a tale. Not all tales are fictions….The typical mythos
is mythological. But there is none of this in the discourse of Timaeus
where only the eikos is tolerated. And what eikos means is this context
is carefully defined: the metaphysical contrast of the eternal forms
and their perishing copy determines the epistemological contrast of
certainty and probability.
96
Consequently, in spite of the frequent denigrative references to
the account of the origins of the cosmos given in the Timaeus by various
scholars of Plato, the “likely” account
97
is not mythological, fictitious, or
down-right “belief” ungrounded in logical argumentation. Rather, it
science (specifically the philosophy of Whitehead), a physics that has as its stated aim the discovery of immutable “laws of nature”. ibid, p.29-31. Yet Taylor maintains that Plato
did not necessarily identify with or ascribe to the theories put forward by Timaeus in the
dialogue. “All that is required by his own principles is that they shall be more or less ‘like’ the truth, i.e. that they shall be the best approximations to it which could be expected….” cf. Taylor; op cit, p.19. However, the determinations of “exact science” and “ myth” as well
as the consideration of mathematics as apriori knowledge are modern notions, not to be
situated upon this dialogue.
96
Vlastos, Gregory; “The Disorderly Motion in the Timaeus” in Allen, R. E. (ed.); Studies
in Plato’s Metaphysics (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1965)p.382.
97
cf. Johansen, Kjeller; Plato’s Natural Philosophy: A Study of the Timaeus-Critias (Cambridge:
Cambridge UP, 2004)p.48n1. Plato alternates in the text between the terms eikos mythos and
eikos logos. Johansen gives the following textual references in the Timaeus for the “ likely
account”: cf. 30b, 34c, 44d, 48c, 48d, 49b, 53d, 55d, 56a, 56d, 57d, 59c, 68d, 72d, 90e.