The Constitution, Government and Law making bodies .

This PowerPoint presentation provides an insightful overview of the Constitution, covering its key principles, features, and significance. It explains the fundamental rights, duties, structure of government, and the importance of constitutional law in governance. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding the foundation of a nation’s legal framework.

1. The Government and
the Constitution
By: Saanidhya Patel

2. Contents
Parliament
What is Parliament?
Youth Parliament
Advantages
Disadvantages
Members of parliament
Types of Parliament
Constitution
What is Constitution?
Types of Constitution
Preamble
Advantages
Disadvantages
Key points
Government
What is
Government?
Levels of
Government
SWOT analysis
Types of
Government

3. India became independent in 1947 and a republic in 1950. Early governments focused on
socialism and development. Economic liberalization in 1991 transformed the economy.
Since 2014, Modi’s government has focused on modernization and global influence. Today,
India is the world’s largest democracy.

History of Indian Government

4. Parliament
1

5. What is Parliament?

A Parliament is a group of people who make
laws for a country

For Example:
Parliament of India, parliament of UK,
parliament of australia etc

6. Youth Parliament is a program where young people get a chance to act like real politicians.
They discuss important issues, suggest ideas, and debate policies, just like in a real parliament.
It helps them learn about democracy, leadership, and how decisions are made in a country.
Youth Parliament

7. Advantages of Parliament

The advantages of parliament are to represent citizens
interests, to pass laws, and to monitor the actions of
government.

8. Disadvantages of Parliament


The disadvantages of parliament is hard to keep the executive in
check if there is not a clear separation of powers.

9. Members in the house of parliament?

●President- They approve or disapprove of the laws that the legislature passes.
●Vice - President- act as the President if the President cannot perform his or her duties
●Prime Minister- A Prime Minister runs the government, makes important decisions, and
represents the country.
●Council of Ministers- helps the Prime Minister run the country and make decisions.
●Chief Ministers- leads a state, makes decisions, and takes care of state work.
●Lt. Governors & Administrators- manage Union Territories and follow central government
rules.
●Judges of Supreme Court- make important legal decisions and ensure justice in the country.

10. Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament. It represents the people of
India.
Lok Sabha has 552 members
552 (543 elected)
Directly elected by the people
5 years
The Speaker is the head of Lok Sabha.
The Prime Minister is the leader of the ruling party.

11. Rajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of Parliament. It represents the states of India.
Members: Maximum 250 members (currently 245).
Election: Members are indirectly elected by the Members of Legislative Assemblies (MLAs)
of states.
Term: Permanent body; members serve for 6 years (1/3rd members retire every 2 years).
Leadership: The Vice President of India is the Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
Suggests and reviews laws made by Lok Sabha.
Represents states and union territories.
Approves important government decisions.

12. 2
Constitution

13. What is Constitution?
The Constitution of India is the Highest Law of the country. It is a Book of Rules
that explains how the government should work.

For Examples: Constitution of India, Constitution of UK etc.

14. Preamble
Preamble is the objectives of the Constitution in two ways: one, about the
structure of the governance and the other, about the ideals to be achieved in
independent India. It is because of this, the Preamble is considered to be the key
of the Constitution.

For example: The people of this country, come together to make fair laws, keep
peace, and protect everyone's rights.

15. Types of Constitution
Constitutional Government - is a government that follows a set of rules, gives people
rights, and limits the power of leaders.

Unitary Constitutions - gives all power to one central government, and local
governments follow its rules.

Written Constitution - is a book of rules that explains how a country is run and what
rights people have.

16. Advantages of Constitution?
●It explains the duties of the government
●It ensures the justice and equality for all
●It protects our rights and freedom

17. Disadvantages of constitution
●It might get difficult to change a law / rights

●Hard to Change – It takes a long time to update rules, even if they are old or unfair.

●Slow Government – The government may take too long to make decisions because of strict
rules.

●Can Be Misused – Some leaders may change or twist the rules to stay in power.

18. Key points of constitution?
●Sovereign - India is free to make its own decisions
●Socialist - The government work for the welfare of all people
●Secular - The government does not support any 1 religion
●Democratic - People elect their leaders
●Republic - The president is the head of the country not a king or queen

19. 1. Right to Equality – Everyone's equal before the law.
2.Right to Freedom – Freedom of speech, expression, and movement.
3.Right against Exploitation – No one can force others into labor.
4.Right to Freedom of Religion – People can follow any religion.
5.Cultural and Educational Rights – Protects different cultures and
languages.

Fundamental rights

20. 3
Government

21. What is Government?
Government is a group of people who make rules and
decisions to help run a country, state, or city. They
make laws, keep people safe, and provide services like
schools, hospitals, and roads. The government also
collects taxes to pay for these things. It helps solve
problems and makes sure everyone follows the rules
so that people can live together peacefully.

22. Types of Government

Democracy Monarchy DictatorshipCommunismTheocracy Republic Oligarchy
People have the
power! They
vote for their
leaders and
make decisions
through
elections.
Example: USA,
India.
A king or queen
rules the
country. In some
monarchies, the
ruler has total
power, while in
others
(constitutional
monarchy), they
share power
with elected
officials.
Example: UK
(constitutional),
Saudi Arabia
(absolute).
One person or a
small group has
total control, and
people have
little or no say.
Example: North
Korea
The
government
owns
everything and
controls
businesses (e.g.,
China, Cuba).

Theocracy -
Religious
leaders rule
based on
religious laws
(e.g., Vatican
City, Iran).

People elect
leaders, but
there’s no king
or queen (e.g.,
France, Brazil).


A few rich or
powerful
people control
the
government
(e.g., Russia).

23. 3 levels of government
Central Government – Governs
the whole country.
●Handles national defense,
foreign policy, immigration,
and big laws.
●Example: The President of
the U.S. or the Prime Minister
of the UK.


State/Provincial Government –
Governs a state or region within a
country.
●Manages education,
transportation, state laws, and
health services.
●Example: U.S. state governors
or Canada’s provincial
premiers.

●Local Government – Manages
cities and towns (e.g., mayors,
city councils).
●Handles things like schools,
roads, trash collection, and
local police.

24. SWOT Analysis

Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats
Largest Democracy –
Free and fair elections
with high voter
participation.
Strong Constitution –
Provides stability,
rights, and governance
framework.
Military Power – One
of the world’s strongest
armed forces.
Robust Economy –
Fast-growing economy
with a strong IT,
manufacturing, and
service sector.
Corruption – Persistent
issue in administration
and politics.
Unemployment – Job
creation struggles
despite economic
growth.
Bureaucratic
Inefficiency – Slow
decision-making and
red tape.
Social Inequality –
Income gaps,
caste-based
discrimination, and
gender disparity.

Better Education &
Healthcare –
Government efforts can
improve people’s lives.
Renewable Energy –
Solar and wind power
can reduce pollution
and boost the
economy.
Technology Growth –
Digital expansion can
improve governance
and business.
Tourism Growth –
India’s history, culture,
and natural beauty can
bring in more tourists.

Wealth Inequality –
The rich-poor gap is
increasing despite
economic growth.
Global Recession –
Economic slowdowns
worldwide can affect
India.
Political Conflicts –
Internal disputes can
slow down progress.
Population Growth –
High population puts
pressure on resources
like water, food, and
jobs.

25. A Bill goes through 'three readings' in each house of
the Parliament before it is sent to the President of
India for approval. If the Bill is approved by the
President, it finally becomes a law for everyone to be
followed throughout the country.
How does Bills make laws?

26. https://chatgpt.com/c/67b87e8c-f980-8010-a274-dccff6de2901

https://chatgpt.com/c/67b874b8-2f38-8010-ae41-b15a6c2af95d

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1086TMonVNE3G4PyyqVfYYTqUYm_ZHFEUH0UQVh3f7D4/edit?tab=t.0

https://chatgpt.com/c/67b9bdeb-d710-8010-b423-71e83a48ca97

https://byjus.com/ias-questions/what-is-meant-by-preamble/#:~:text=The%20Preamble%2C%20in%20brief%2C%20explains,the
%20key%20of%20the%20Constitution.

http://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/president/476818

https://byjusexamprep.com/liveData/f/2022/11/how_a_bill_is_passed_in_indian_parliament_41.pdf


Bibliography

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