the formation of the light element.pptxffffffff

A power point presentation

1. Formation Of Elements During Big Bang

2. Cosmology  is a branch of astronomy that involves the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and on into the future. According to NASA, the definition of cosmology is "the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole." Cosmology

3. 3 Cosmic Stages Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Formed the light elements ( Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li). Stellar Formation and Evolution Formed the elements heavier than B erelium (Be), Iron (Fe). Stellar Explosion or Supernova Formed the elements heavier than Iron (Fe).

4. Instruction 1. Stick small stickers randomly on the surface of the uninflated balloon. 2. Quickly inflate the balloon with a pump or your breath. 3. Observe the stickers .

5. Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the universe began. At its simplest, it says the universe as we know it started with a small singularity, then inflated over the next 13.8 billion years to the cosmos that we know today.

6. Protons and neutrons combined to make long-lasting helium nuclei when universe was ~ 3 minutes old.

7. Big Bang theory prediction: 75% H, 25% He (by mass). This prediction matches observations of primordial gases. Insert TCP 6e Figure 23.11

8. Stages of the Big Bang Theory

9. Singularity A point in space and / or a moment in time where the universe was infinitely hot and dense. Also known as the  Planck Epoch  (or Planck Era), this was the earliest known period of the Universe. At this time, all matter was condensed on a single point of infinite density and extreme heat. During this period, it is believed that the quantum effects of gravity dominated physical interactions and that no other physical forces were of equal strength to gravitation.

10. Inflation Is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. The inflationary epoch lasted from 10 -36 seconds. The  Inflation Theory  proposes a period of extremely rapid (exponential) expansion of the universe during its first few moments. It was developed around 1980 to explain several puzzles with the standard Big Bang  theory , in which the universe expands relatively gradually throughout its history

11. Nucleosynthesis Is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from free existing nucleons primarily protons and neutrons.   Big Bang nucleosynthesis  (or primordial  nucleosynthesis ) refers to the production of nuclei other than H-1, the normal, light hydrogen, during the early phases of the universe, shortly after the  Big Bang

12. Recombination Refers to the epoch at which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms. Recombination Era . When the universe was younger than about 300,000 years, the temperature was high enough that all of the hydrogen was ionized, that is the electrons were free and separate from the protons.

13. Annihilation Reaction in which a particle and its antiparticle collide and disappear, releasing energy. Annihilation  occurs when a particle and a corresponding antiparticle meet and their mass is converted into radiation energy.  Two photons  are  produced  in the process (as a single  photon  only  would  take away momentum which isn't allowed, as no outside forces act).

14. Redshift The displacement of spectral lines towards the longer wavelengths (the red end of the spectrum) in radiation from distant galaxies and celestial objects. The light is  shifted  towards the  red  end of the visible spectrum. This phenomenon is known as  Red Shift . This is one of the evidences that is used to  support the Big Bang  Theory . The fact that the further the galaxy from us is, the greater the  red shift , means that the more distant the galaxy, the faster it is moving.

15. The cosmic microwave background — the radiation left over from the Big Bang—was detected by Penzias and Wilson in 1965. Insert TCP 6e Figure 23.6

16. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Is a electromagnetic radiation, left over from an early stage of the universe in Big Bang Cosmology. The  Cosmic Microwave Background radiation , or CMB for short,  is  a faint glow of light that fills the universe, falling on Earth from every direction with nearly uniform intensity.