The London phonological s.pptx12344555555

London phonological school

1. The London phonological school

2. Contents Introduction to the London Phonological School Distinctive Features in the London Phonological School Phonological Processes in the London Phonological School Prosodic Features in the London Phonological School Phonological Rules in the London Phonological School Phonological Representations in the London Phonological School Implications for Language Acquisition Criticisms and Developments Legacy and Influence

3. Introduction to the London Phonological School The London Phonological School, founded in the 1960s, revolutionized the field of phonology. It emphasized the importance of phonological features and distinctive features in analyzing and describing sounds. For example, the feature [+voice] distinguishes between the sounds /p/ and /b/. This approach had a significant impact on subsequent phonological theories. Photo by Gaelle Marcel on Unsplash

4. Distinctive Features in the London Phonological School Distinctive features are the building blocks of phonological analysis in the London Phonological School. Features like [+/-voice], [+/-nasal], and [+/-continuant] are used to differentiate sounds. For instance, the feature [+nasal] distinguishes between /m/ and /b/. This approach allows for a more precise and systematic analysis of phonological patterns. Photo by Bailey Burton on Unsplash

5. Phonological Processes in the London Phonological School The London Phonological School identified various phonological processes that occur in language. These processes include assimilation, deletion, and metathesis. For example, in English, the /s/ in "cats" becomes voiced and sounds like /z/ when followed by a voiced sound, demonstrating assimilation. Photo by benjamin lehman on Unsplash

6. Prosodic Features in the London Phonological School Prosodic features, such as stress, tone, and intonation, are also studied in the London Phonological School. Stress patterns, like the contrast between "record" (noun) and "record" (verb), play a crucial role in English. This school's analysis of prosody provides insights into how these features contribute to meaning and communication. Photo by Joshua Rondeau on Unsplash

7. Phonological Rules in the London Phonological School The London Phonological School developed a set of rules to account for sound changes and phonological patterns. These rules describe how sounds interact and change in different linguistic contexts. For instance, the rule of final devoicing in German explains why /b/ becomes /p/ at the end of a word. Photo by Natalie Parham on Unsplash

8. Phonological Representations in the London Phonological School In the London Phonological School, phonological representations are based on distinctive features. These representations capture the underlying structure of sounds and their relationships. For example, the representation of the word "cats" includes the features [+voice], [+nasal], and [+continuant] for each segment.

9. Implications for Language Acquisition The London Phonological School's theories have implications for language acquisition. Children acquire phonological patterns by learning the distinctive features and phonological rules of their native language. For instance, a child learning English will acquire the rule of final devoicing, leading to the correct pronunciation of words like "cab" and "cap." Photo by Nathana Rebouças on Unsplash

10. Criticisms and Developments While influential, the London Phonological School has faced criticisms. Some argue that its focus on distinctive features oversimplifies the complexity of phonological systems. However, subsequent developments, such as Optimality Theory, have built upon the school's foundations, incorporating additional factors and constraints. Photo by Ben Tofan on Unsplash

11. Legacy and Influence The London Phonological School's emphasis on distinctive features and phonological rules has had a lasting impact on the field of phonology. Its theories and methodologies continue to shape research and analysis in phonological studies. The school's legacy can be seen in the work of contemporary phonologists worldwide. Photo by benjamin lehman on Unsplash

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