The Pandyas - History – Mocomi.com

One of the three ancient kingdoms in the south of India was the Pandyan Kingdom who ruled over Tamil Nadu until the end of the fifteenth century.

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One of the three ancients kingdoms in the south of India 
was the Pandyan Kingdom who ruled over Tamil Nadu until 
the end of the fifteenth century.  Korkai, a seaport on the 
southernmost tip of India was initially their capital, but then 
later the capital was moved to Madurai.

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The Pandyan Empire was established by the Emperor Ka-
dungon in the sixth century. He ascended the throne after 
defeating the clan of Kalabhras.

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The Pandyas grew in strength and expanded their king-
dom. Tamil Nadu was divided between the Pallavas and the 
Pandyas. The river Kaveri acted as a boundary between 
the two kingdoms.  The Pandyas controlled the districts 
which are known as Madurai and Tirunalveli today as well 
as parts of Southern Kerala. 

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The Pandyas were best known for their extensive trade 
network which spread as far as Rome and Greece. They 
excelled in trading though the seas from Dhanushkodi, the 
sea shore of Ramanathapuram, and Poompuhar, a city 
which was used to trade with China, Malaysia, Maldives and 
other. The Pandyas  controlled the pearl fisheries along the 
South Indian coast between Sri Lanka and India, producing 
some of the finest pearls known.
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6. The Pandyan Kingdom was a powerful kingdom, but were 
often subdued during clashes with the Pallavas and the 
Cholas. This happened because as their kingdom 
expanded, their neighbors, feeling threatened by them, 
attacked.
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7. The Pandyas were soon overshadowed by the Cholas 
during the rule of Parantaka Chola II. His son, Aditya Kari-
kala and his army went to war with Vira Pandya, defeating 
him in battle. Sinhalese forces (Sri Lankan) came to the 
Pandyas' rescue, but even with their help, were defeated. 
The Pandyan Kings were driven out of their strongholds,  
and sent to Sri Lanka, where they sought refuge. This was 
the beginning of a long period in exile for the Pandyas.
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8. In the thirteenth century, the Cholas had become very 
weak and were fast losing control of their lands. A number 
of Pandyan kings helped in the revival of the Pandyas, but 
it was Mahavarman Kulasekara who led this revival.  But 
after his death, his two sons, Sundara Pandya and Vira 
Pandya fought against each other for the throne. A gen-
eral of the Delhi Sultanate took  advantage of this chaos 
and raided the kingdom, which brought an abrupt end to 
Pandyan rule. 
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