The renal calculi ( the kidney stone ) ppt

this ppt made for nursing students because this is very use full ppt

1. Chhattishgarh nursing college dhanora , bhilai PRESENTED BY SEMINAR ON SUBJECT - ADULT HEALTH NURSING –II TOPIC - RENAL CALCULI PRESENTATED TO

2. RENAL CALCULI-

3. INTRODUCTION- KIDNEY STONE ALSO CALLED RENAL CALCULI ARE SOLID CONCERTION ( CRYSTAL AGGREGRATION ) OF DISOLVED MINERALS IN URINE CACULI TYPICALY FROM INSIDE THE KIDNEY OR BLADDER.

4. DEFINITION- ACORDING TO BT BASANVNTHAPPA “ RENAL CALCULI ALSO KNOWN AS UROLTHIASIS IS A KIDNEY STONE DISEASE WHERE A SOLID PIECE OF MATERIAL ( KIDNEY STONE ) OCCUR IN THE URINARY TRACT . ACCORDING TO M. P. SHARMA “ KIDNEY STONE / RENAL CALCULI IS SOLID MASS MADE UP OF CRYSTALS PRESENT IN KIDNEY OR URETER .

5. INCIDANCE - KIDNEY STONE ARE COMMON ACROSS THE WORLD WITH A PREVELENCE OF ABOUT 12% WORLD WIDE THEIR PREVALENCE AND ALSO REFLECTS WORLWIDE PREVALENCE AND STANDS AT APPROXIMATELY 12%. THE RISK OF KIDNEY STONE IS ABOUTE 11% IN MEN AND 9 % IN WOMEN .

6. Anatomy of kidney-

7. physiology - REGULATION OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME AND BLOOD PRESSURE . MAINTENACE OF ION BALANCE Na+ regulate ECF VOLUME . FILTERING WASTE MATERIAL FROM FOOD MEDICATION AND TOXIC SUBSTANCE . EXCRETION OF NITROGENOUS AND OTHER WATER SOLUBLE WASTE . UREA & URIC ACD . CRETININE FROM MUSCLE METABOLISAM PRODUCTION OF HORMON. RENIN ( SODIUM BALANCE AND BLOOD PRESSURE HEMEO STASIS ) .

8. TYPES- 1) CALCIUM OXALATE 2) URIC ACID 3) STRUVITE 4) CYSTINE

9. ETIOLOGY- OBESITY – DEHYDRATION_ DITE_ FAMILY HISTORY _ INFECTIONS _

10. OBESITY-

11. DEHYDRATION-

12. DITE- CALCIUM DITE HIGH PROTINE DITE SALT DITE

13. FAMILY HISTORY-

14. INFECTION-

15. RISK FACTOR – INADEQUTE FLUID INTAKE . A FAMILY HISTORY IN STONE. HIGH CALCIUM IN URINE . OBESITY , DIABETES AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE . SPECIFIC USE HIGH AMOUNT OF DIURETIC , ANATACIDS DRUGS. PREGNANCY CONDITION.

16. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- CHANGE IN URINARY COMPOSITION IMBALANCE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF PRAMOTERS AND INHIBITOR INCREASE OXIDATIVE STRESS LEADS TO CELL INJURY INITIATES HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION LEADS TO NIDUS FORMATION

17. CRYSTAL GROWTH AND AGGREGATION INTERACTIONBETWEEN CELL AND CRYSTAL ADNESION OFBCRYSTAL TO THE CELL WALL STONE FORMATION

18. CLINICAL MANIFESTION- CRAMPING PAIN ,LOW BACK PAIN, GROIN OR RIBS PAIN CLOUDY OR SMELLY URINE NAUSEA AND VOMITING HEMATURIA DYSURIA OLIGURIA FEVER AND CHILLS

19. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION - BLOOD TEST-

20. URINE TEST -

21. ANALYSIS OF PASSED STONES -

22. IMAGING TEST - KIDNE -URETER –BLADDER X-RAY HELICAL CT SCAN INTRAVENOUS PYLOGRAM ULTRASOUND RETROGRADE PYELORGAM CT SCAN ABDOMINAL MRI

23. CYSTOSCOPY-

24. KUB – X-RAY -

25. MANAGEMENT - MORPHIN SULPHATE ( ANALGESIC INJ. ) 10MG IV / IM 2) ONDANSETRON ( ANTI EMETIC ) 2 MG IV / IM / ORAL TAMSULOSIN ( ALPHA BLOCKER ) 0.4 MG ORAL

26. MEDICATIO- ACCORDING TO STONE CALCIUM STONE THIAZIDE DIURETIC OR PHOSPHATE CONTAINING ORALY / IV URIC ACID STONE ALLOPURINOL ( XO INHIBITORS TAB ) 100MG / ORAL STRUVITE STONE PENICILLIN ( ANTIBIOTIC ) 250 MG IV / IM / ORAL

27. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT - 1 ) EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY 2 ) PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY 3 ) CYSTOLITHOTOMY 4 ) PARTIAL TOTAL NEPHRECTOMY 5 ) URETEREOSCOPY 6 ) PERCUTENEOUS STONE DISSOLUTION

28. 1 ) EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY-

29. 2 ) PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY -

30. 3 ) CYSTOLITHOTOMY -

31. 4 ) PARTIAL TOTAL NEPHRECTOMY –

32. 5) URETEROSCOPY -

33. 6) PERCUTANEOUS STONE DISSOLUTION -

34. NURSING MANAGEMENT – NURSING ASSESSMENT – # MONITOR THE PATIENT FOR SIGNS AND SYMPOTOMS OF UTIS ,CHILLS ,FEVER , POLYURIA. # OBSERVE URINE FOR BLOOD STRAIN FOR STONE OR GRAVEL. # ASSESS FOR PAIN AND DISCOMFORT ,INCLUDING SEVERITY LOCATION AND RADIATION OF PAIN .

35. DIETARY MANAGEMENT – Drink plenty OF FLUID ; 2-3 QUARTS /DAY

36. EAT ENOUGH DIETARY CALCIUM

37. EAT A MODERATE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN

38. AVOID HIGH SALT INTAKE

39. LOW VITAMIN C SUPPLEMENTS

40. COMPLICATION – URINARY TRACT INFECTION -

41. HYDRONEPHROSIS -

42. KIDNEY STONE CAN LEAD TOSEPSIS -

43. OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY -

44. PRIVENTION – DRINK WATER, BUT DRINK LIKE TEA AND COFFEE ALSO COUNT ADD FRESH LEMON JUICE TO YOUR WATER AVOIDE FIZZY DRINKS DO NOT EAT TOO MUCH SALT TAKINK MEDICINES TO HELP YOU PASS A STONE ( ANTI-INFLAMATORY DRUGS , ALPHA – BLOCKERS )

45. HEALTH EDUCATION –

46. CONCLUSION - KIDNEY STONE CAN DEVELOP AS A RESULT OF SEVERAL FACTORS ,INCLUDING DEHYDRATION THE URINE BECOME CONCENTRATED AND MINERALS CAN FROM CRYSTALS THAT CAN ULTIMATELY DEVELOP INTO STONE.

47. CHANDRAHAS DESHLAHARE