The Rock Cycle.pptx

An in depth PowerPoint of the classification of rocks and the rock cycle, perfect for teaching Grade 10 geography.

1. The Rock Cycle Amy de Jong

2. Objectives: List different types of geological processes Name the three classifications of rock Explain the Rock Cycle

3. What is The Rock Cycle?

4. Let’s Break it Down! What is a rock? A rock is a solid mixture of one or more minerals. What is a Cycle? A cycle is a series of changes Let’s put it together! The rock cycle is the geological forces and processes that cause rocks to change from one type to another and back again.

5. But What are these forces and Processes? Rock Cycle Processes include: Weathering and Erosion Deposition Compaction and Cementation Melting Cooling Solidification Metamorphism

6. What is Weathering and Erosion? Weathering the breaking down of rocks and minerals into sediment due to the weather. Erosion the transportation of sediment by natural forces such as wind or water.

7. What is Deposition? Sediments are deposited into the sea or lake via wind, gravity, or running water where they sink to the floor and begin to form layers.

8. What is Compaction and Cementation? Compaction Layer upon layer of sediment building up and placing pressure on lower layers till all air and water is pushed out. Cementation The gluing of sediment together by means of minerals that form a natural glue

9. What is Melting, Cooling and Solidification? At the bottom of the earths crust, old rock is melted by the heat of the mantle, forming magma . When magma makes its way to the surface via a volcano, it is known as lava and flows out over the land. It slowly starts to cool and solidify to form new rock.

10. What is Metamorphism? The changing of a rock into new rock forms due to an increase in temperature or pressure as well as natural folding and faulting from tectonic movement.

11. What do these different processes create?

12. the 3 Classification of rocks: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Granite Sandstone Marble

13. Igneous Rock “Igneous means to be made from fire and heat.” These rocks can form above ground or form below the surface. Extrusive igneous rock - Above Intrusive igneous rock - Below Formed from magma in the molten layer the of Earth’s mantle.

14. Extrusive vs Intrusive Extrusive Igneous Rock forms when lava on the earths surface, cools quickly, not allowing enough time for crystals to form. Intrusive Igneous Rock forms when magma cools slowly below the surface, allowing minerals to collect and form large crystals. Diorite (Intrusive) Obsidian (Extrusive)

15. Sedimentary Rock Fossils form in Sedimentary Rock There are three category of Sedimentary rock: Clastic rock – formed from broken fragments of pre-existing rock. Organic rock – formed from plant and animal remains Chemical rock – formed from minerals that solidify from water Formed from sediments such as sand, pebbles, shells and remains of plants and animals. They harden due to the pressure and weight of more sediment.

16. Limestone – formed from shells and sea plants and animals. Only occurs underwater. Shale – formed from mud, fine silt or clay. Also called Mudstone Conglomerate – formed from pebbles and smooth round stones Chemical rock Clastic rock Coal – formed from decaying plant matter. Organic rock

17. Metamorphic Rock “Metamorphic means to have been changed”. There are two types of Metamorphic Rock: Foliated (Banded Layers) Non – Foliated (Crystals) Metamorphic rocks are igneous or sedimentary rocks changed by extreme heat and pressure.

18. Examples of Metamorphic Rock Limestone Marble Sandstone Quartzite Schist Shale

19. Thank you!

20. Resources: A. DeWitt (Dec. 09, 2008) The Rock Cycle [PowerPoint] SlideShare https://www.slideshare.net/guest74968e/the-rock-cycle-presentation-834378 C. Reich Little(Sep. 25, 2017) Rockcycle 2017 [PowerPoint] SlideShare https://www.slideshare.net/mariejajaroa/rock-cycle-57878723 Mojavehack (Feb. 26, 2015) 5.0 Rocks and Rock Cycle [PowerPoint] SlideShare https://www.slideshare.net/mojavehack/50-rocks-and-rock-cycle R. Brindley (Sep. 27, 2011) The Rock Cycle and Rocks [PowerPoint] SlideShare https://www.slideshare.net/rebelbrindley/the-rock-cycle-and-rocks H. Mohammadi(Oct. 25, 2014) Rock cycle notes [PowerPoint] SlideShare https://www.slideshare.net/homayunmohammadi1/rock-cycle-notes-40717354