thegreatdebate-detailedstepsfordebating.pptx

A presentation for debating educational ESL content. It has information such debate structure and components to a debate such as opinions, reasons, and evidence. Content suitable for college level ESL students. Find interesting debate topics on this presentation. A good guide for your students on how to approach debating. Debate is a process that involves formal discourse, discussion, and oral addresses on a particular topic or collection of topics, often with a moderator and an audience. A refutation or contradiction. A debating presentation is a structured and persuasive verbal argument delivered in a formal setting to support a particular position or stance on a given topic. Typically, a debating presentation includes an introduction that outlines the topic and establishes the speaker's position or argument. This is followed by the main body, where the speaker presents key points, evidence, and reasoning to support their position and refute opposing arguments. During a debating presentation, speakers often address potential counterarguments and seek to strengthen their own position by anticipating and rebutting opposing viewpoints. They may use statistics, examples, expert opinions, and logical reasoning to bolster their argument and persuade the audience. Effective debating presentations also involve clear and articulate delivery, engaging the audience through compelling storytelling, rhetorical devices, and persuasive language.

In conclusion, a debating presentation aims to showcase the speaker's ability to analyze complex issues, think critically, communicate persuasively, and engage in a respectful yet competitive exchange of ideas within a structured format.

1. Social Media

2. Is social media bad for society ?

3. What’s a Debate? A discussion between people in which they express different opinions about something.

4. Benefits to debating Improve critical thinking Enhance communication skills

5. Benefits to debating Boost confidence Foster teamwork

6. Debate format Part 1: Opening Statements Opening statements: In the opening statement, you present your opinion . Present your arguments and provide evidence to back-up your arguments. Part 2: Rebuttal Respond to points in the other group's argument. Part 3 : Closing Statement In the closing statement, you will summarize your main points.

7. Opening statements State your opinion. Give reasons for your opinion . Provide evidence to back up your reasons . Use conjunctions to join your sentences into a final argument .

8. Opinion What is an opinion a view or judgement formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge. How to identify an opinion Words to Identify Opinions: Common phrases ( In my opinion, I feel that, As I see it, I believe that, I think that ) Example: I believe that exercise should be compulsory. Biased Words ( bad, worse, worst, good, better, best, worthwhile, worthless, etc ) Example: Chocolate is the worst flavor of ice-cream Qualifiers ( all, always, likely, never, might, seem, possibly, probably, should, etc.) Example: Social media should be banned. Predictions about things in the future S elf-driving cars will revolutionize transportation in the future .

9. Facts Facts: Statements that can be v erified. They can be proven true or false. Statements of fact are objective ­. Example: My car payment is $250 per month. Questions to Identify Facts: Can the statement be proved or demonstrated to be true? Example: The earth is round. Can the statement be observed in practice or operation? Can you see it happen? Example: Lions often live in social groups called prides. Can the statement be verified by witnesses, manuscripts, or documents? Example: The Taylor Swift concert took place on Saturday.

10. Activity 1: Opinion or Fact 1. Alligators provide no physical care for their young. ______ 2. Humans should be concerned about the use of pesticides that kill insects at the bottom of the food chain. ______ 3. There are 28 more humans living on the Earth now than there were 10 seconds ago. ______ 4. We must bear greater responsibility for the environment than our ancestors did. ______ 5. Nuclear power is the only viable solution to our dwindling natural resources.

11. Activity 2: Identify the opinion

12. Phrases to state an opinion Stating an opinion In my opinion____ I think that_____ I feel that______ I believe that______ It seems to me that________ If you ask me_____ I'd say that_______ The point is________ As I see it_______ I'd say that______ The point is______ I'd just like to say that______ I'd like to point out that_______

13. Using phrases to state opinion Phrase: I believe that ______. Example: I believe that social media is good for society . Phrase: As I see it______. Example: As I see it social media is bad for society.

14. Reasons Reasons are an explanation for your opinion. Reasons usually come after an opinion. Look for statements that come after cause and effect conjunctions: (because, as a result, subsequently, since, accordingly) Example: I believe that exercise is important for maintaining good health because regular exercise strengthens muscles and bones.

15. Activity 3: Identify the reason

16. Reasons why social media is good for society.

17. It helps build relationships and keep people staying connected.

18. Better Communication.

19. Spreading news quickly.

20. Activity 3: Identify the opinion and reason

21. Conjunctions What are conjunctions a word used to connect sentences Why use conjunctions Conjunctions allow you to form complex and elegant sentences. Conjunctions for debating Examples: because, and, as, since

22. Example: Is social media bad for society ? Opinion: I believe that social media is good for society Reasons: It helps build relationships and keep people connected. Better Communication. Spreading news quickly. Conjunctions : because, and, as, since Statement: I believe that social media is good for society because it helps build relationships and keep people connected, enables better communication and spreads news quickly .

23. Zoo’s have a positive impact on society.

24. We need EVIDENCE to SUPPORT our arguments. In a debate If we are not able to show evidence, our argument can become just an opinion.

25. There are four main types of evidence : 1- Real life examples 2- Common Sense 3- Expert’s Opinion 4- Statistics

26. Type 1: Real life examples These are examples we can use from our personal experience. ARGUMENT : “Smoking is becoming a very big problem among teenagers.” PIECE OF EVIDENCE : “ In my school I saw at least 10 students smoking ” Conjunction : For example / for instance / let me give an example Complete Idea : Smoking is becoming a very big problem among teenagers, for instance in my school I saw at least 10 students vaping.

27. Type 2: Common Sense This is information that is obvious and evident, everyone can see it or knows it. ARGUMENT : “After years of studies, it is known that smoking is very negative for our health.” PIECE OF EVIDENCE : “ Many people die every year from smoking ” P.S.S : Everyone knows / if...then / it's common knowledge that Complete Idea : After years of studies, it is known that smoking is very negative for our health, it's common knowledge that many people die every year from smoking .

28. Type 3 : Expert’s opinion This is information that comes from an expert, we can use quotes (“ “). ARGUMENT : “Smoking is one of the main reasons for lung cancer, including non-smokers.” PIECE OF EVIDENCE : “According to the Environmental Protection Agency, "secondhand smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths in nonsmokers each year.“ P.S.S : According to.../ to quote.../ the book ---- says... Complete Idea : Smoking is one of the main reasons for lung cancer, including non-smokers. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, "secondhand smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths in nonsmokers each year.“

29. Type 4 : Statistics This is information that comes from numbers and it needs to be investigated and verified. ARGUMENT : “Second hand smoking is even more dangerous.” PIECE OF EVIDENCE : “Secondhand smoke causes about 250,000 respiratory infections in infants and children every year, resulting in about 15,000 hospitalizations each year. P.S.S : Statistics show… / The numbers prove that… Complete Idea : Second hand smoking is even more dangerous. Statistics show that it causes about 250,000 respiratory infections in infants and children every year, resulting in about 15,000 hospitalizations each year.

30. Evidence is very important because… It validates Our point .

31. Example: Is social media bad for society ? Statement: I believe that social media is good for society because it helps build relationships and keep people connected, enables better communication and spreads news quickly . Evidence: Studies have shown that social media platforms play a crucial role in disseminating timely information during emergencies and natural disasters. I know people who have formed relationships on social media. Final Argument: I believe that social media is good for society because it helps build relationships and keep people connected, enables better communication and spreads news quickly . Studies have shown that social media platforms play a crucial role in disseminating timely information during emergencies and natural disasters. Furthermore, I know people who have formed relationships on social media.

32. Lesson 2 Rebuttals

33. Homework: Social media is bad for society Opinion: Reasons: Conjunctions: Evidence: Strong Finish:

34. Debate: Assessment

35. University

36. Going to University Is Bad Investment.

37. Case Study University education is often hailed as essential, but it's not always the wisest investment. The steep rise in tuition fees burdens many with crippling debt post-graduation. The job market's competitiveness means degrees don't guarantee employment. Additionally, the rapid evolution of industries renders some degrees obsolete. Success stories abound of individuals flourishing without a university education, showcasing alternative paths. Time spent in university could be utilized gaining practical experience or vocational skills. Online platforms offer accessible and affordable knowledge acquisition. In some cases, pursuing entrepreneurship or specialized training proves more fruitful than a traditional degree. Therefore, while university education has its merits, it's not always the best investment for everyone.

38. Mastering Rebuttals in Debate Let's explore the steps to effectively counter arguments using the case study on university education.

39. Step 1 - Identify the Statement Understanding the opponent's argument is the first step. Statement: "University education is not always the wisest investment." Example: Mention the case study's main arguments against university education.

40. Analyse the statement and formulate a response. Counterargument: University education provides essential skills and opportunities for personal and professional growth. Example: Discuss how scholarships and financial aid can alleviate the burden of tuition fees. Step 2 - Formulate a Counterargument

41. Step 2 - Formulate a Counterargument Counterargument: University education provides essential skills and opportunities for personal and professional growth. While tuition fees are indeed rising, scholarships, grants, and financial aid options are available to alleviate the financial burden, making the investment in education worthwhile.

42. Step 3 - Provide Evidence and Examples Support your counterargument with evidence and real-life examples. Evidence: Statistics on job placement rates for university graduates. Example: Share success stories of individuals who have excelled after obtaining a university degree.

43. Step 3 - Provide Evidence and Examples Example: Share success stories of individuals who have excelled after obtaining a university degree, demonstrating the value of higher education in securing employment and career advancement. Evidence: Statistics on job placement rates for university graduates.

44. Step 4 - Anticipate and Address Potential Weaknesses Anticipate potential weaknesses in your argument and address them proactively. Weakness: Some degrees may become obsolete due to rapid industry changes. Response: Highlight the importance of adaptability and lifelong learning skills gained from a university education.

45. Rebuttal: Success stories of individuals without university degrees are exceptions, not the norm. Example: While alternative paths exist, such as entrepreneurship or vocational training, university education offers a structured learning environment and critical thinking skills essential for success in various fields. Step 5 - Rebut the Opponent's Argument

46. Step 6 - Conclude with a Strong Summary While university education may not be suitable for everyone, it offers valuable opportunities for personal and professional development. Encourage critical thinking and consideration of individual circumstances in educational decisions.

47. Summarize your rebuttal and reaffirm your stance. Step 6 - Conclude with a Strong Summary

48. Language Disagreeing with someone Yes, but_____ I disagree That's not the point No, I think you're wrong Up to a point, but________ Yes, that's quite true, but_____ I'm not sure I quite agree Well, you have a point there, but_____ Perhaps, but don't you think that_____ I see what you mean, but________ I tend to disagree with you there I can't agree with you there You can't be serious!!

49. Phrases For Disagreeing With Someone

50. Language Note We don’t always need to agree or disagree 100%. Using “but” allows us to disagree diplomatically. We can admit that there is some truth to the other point, while offering some opposition to it. Example: A: In my opinion, books are soon going to become outdated. B: You might be right, but I don’t think that they will disappear entirely. We’ll always have some use for traditional books.

51. Language Attempting to persuade someone You must admit that___ Do you really believe that_____? Don't you think that______? Don't you agree that____?

52. Language Agreeing with someone You're right I think so, too I agree with you You could be right I couldn't agree more That's a good point I couldn't agree more I see what you mean That's just what I was thinking I agree entirely You know, that's exactly what I think

53. Language When you don’t understand I don't understand what you mean. Would you explain that, please? I'm sorry, but I didn't understand your point. Could you give an example? What do you mean by_____? I’m not sure I follow you…

54. Asking for clarification

55. Activity: Make a rebuttal against 1 argument. University education is often hailed as essential, but it's not always the wisest investment. The steep rise in tuition fees burdens many with crippling debt post-graduation. The job market's competitiveness means degrees don't guarantee employment. Additionally, the rapid evolution of industries renders some degrees obsolete. Success stories abound of individuals flourishing without a university education, showcasing alternative paths. Time spent in university could be utilized gaining practical experience or vocational skills. Online platforms offer accessible and affordable knowledge acquisition. In some cases, pursuing entrepreneurship or specialized training proves more fruitful than a traditional degree. Therefore, while university education has its merits, it's not always the best investment for everyone. Steps: Identify the arguments. Formulate a counter arguments Provide evidence and examples Conclude with a strong summary

56. Example A: If you ask me , learning English is pointless. Pretty soon we’ll have personal translators, so we are wasting time by learning to speak it. B: I see what you mean, but I can’t agree with you completely. That will be many years from now, and even then they won’t be perfect. A: You really must admit that computer translation will become the best method. B: Up to a point, but translation is an art as much as a science. A: What do you mean by that ? B: I mean that some elements of language will only ever be understood by humans. A: You could be right, but I think that artificial intelligence will soon be advanced enough…