THEMATIC APPERCEPATION TEST PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT.pptx

THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST

1. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT-PROJECTIVE: TAT Presented By :- Musrat Bashir Enrollment No. :- 2129CUKmr22 Semester:- 4 th Course Code:- IBM-C-405 Course Title:- Personality Development Submitted To:- T.Arun Christopher Department of Teacher Education, SOE CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF KASHMIR

2. Contents Personality assessment P rojective techniques Objectives of projective techniques Types of projective techniques Thematic apperception test How TAT works Why TAT is used Interpretation Criticism References

3. Personality assessment Personality assessment is a proficiency in professional psychology that involves the administration, scoring, and interpretation of empirically supported measures of personality traits and styles in order to : Refine clinical diagnoses Structure and inform psychological interventions Increase the accuracy of behavioral prediction in a variety of contexts and settings (e.g., clinical, forensic, organizational, educational ). Types of Personality Tests There are two types of tests that can be used to assess the personality of an individual: Projective Tests Non-Projective Tests

4. Projective techniques Projective technique is a type of personality test in which you offer responses to ambiguous scenes, words, or images. Projective Techniques are indirect and unstructured methods of investigation which have been developed by the psychologists . These techniques are useful in giving respondents opportunities to express their attitudes without personal embarrassment.  Lawrence frank labeled the term ‘projective technique’ in 1939.

5. Objectives of projective techniques Projective tests are intended to uncover feelings, desires, and conflicts that are hidden from conscious awareness . By interpreting responses to ambiguous cues, psychoanalysts hope to uncover unconscious feelings that might be causing problems in a person's life.

6. Types of projective techniques The Rorschach Inkblot Test The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT ) The Draw-A-Person Test The House-Tree-Person Test Word Association Test Completion Test

7. Thematic apperception test The Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT, is a type of projective test that involves describing ambiguous scenes. Popularly known as the "picture interpretation technique," it was developed by American psychologists Henry A. Murray and Christina D. Morgan at Harvard University in the 1930 . The TAT is one of the most widely researched and clinically used personality tests.

8. How TAT Works The TAT involves showing people a series of picture cards depicting a variety of ambiguous characters (that may include men, women, and/or children), scenes, and situations. They are then asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for each picture presented, including : what has led up to the event shown what is happening in the scene the thoughts and feelings of characters the outcome of the story

9. Know about the test The TAT consists of 31 pictures that depict a variety of social and interpersonal situations . Of the 31 pictures, ten are gender-specific while 21 others can be used with adults of either sex and with children . Story telling. No standardized procedure. One-on-one test. It cannot be administered to groups . The examiner shows the subject only ten of the 31 cards at each of two sessions. The sessions are not timed, but average about an hour in length .

10. Why TAT is used To learn more about a person: In this way, the test acts as something of an icebreaker while providing useful information about potential emotional conflicts the client may have . To help people express their feelings: The TAT is often used as a therapeutic tool to allow clients to express feelings in a non-direct way. A client may not yet be able to express a certain feeling directly, but they might be able to identify the emotion when viewed from an outside perspective. To explore themes related to the person's life experiences: Clients dealing with problems such as job loss, divorce, or health issues might interpret the ambiguous scenes and relating to their unique circumstances, allowing deeper exploration over the course of therapy .

11. Interpretation There are two basic approaches to interpreting responses to the TAT, called nomothetic and idiographic respectively. Nomothetic interpretation refers to the practice of establishing norms for answers from subjects in specific age, gender, racial, or educational level groups and then measuring a given subject's responses against those norms . Idiographic interpretation refers to evaluating the unique features of the subject's view of the world and relationships. Most psychologists would classify the TAT as better suited to idiographic than nomothetic interpretation . In interpreting responses to the TAT, examiners typically focus their attention on one of three areas : the content of the stories that the subject tells ; the feeling or tone of the stories; or the subject's behaviors apart from responses.

12. Cont … These behaviors may include verbal remarks (for example, comments about feeling stressed by the situation or not being a good storyteller) as well as nonverbal actions or signs (blushing, stammering, fidgeting in the chair, difficulties making eye contact with the examiner, etc.) The story content usually reveals the subject's attitudes, fantasies, wishes, inner conflicts, and view of the outside world. The story structure typically reflects the subject's feelings, assumptions about the world, and an underlying attitude of optimism or pessimism.

13. Criticism Not standardized, meaning there are no rules of administration or formal scoring system. Clinicians often vary in how they administer the test . Even if clinicians use the same scoring system, they may use different cards or a different number of cards. This makes it incredibly difficult to obtain estimates of reliability and validity and almost impossible to compare results.

14. References https://www.slideshare.net/tat-10907928 https://youtu.be/km81GpMiiul Psychology of learning and development Dr. M. Manivannan