Theories of personality

Theories of personality, psychology, Characteristics Of Personality, Factors Influencing Personality Development, Purpose Of Personality Theories, Theories Of Personality’s Types, Jung's Personality Theory, Jung’s Eight Personality Types, Adler's Personality Theory, Adler's Psychological Types,  GORDON ALLPORT’s TRAIT THEORIES, IN PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE, presentation,

1. 03/03/ 20201 THEORIES OF PERSONALITY By Pooja Sharma

2. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY IN PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE PRESENTED TO DR. RAJESH KUSHWAH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PRESENTED BY POOJA SHARMA ROLL NO.-19 MSW 1 ST SEM OF ISS, AGRA, INDIA

3. CONTENT Introduction Meaning & Definition Characteristics Of Personality Factors Influencing Personality Development Theories Of Personality Purpose Of Personality Theories Theories Of Personality’s Types

4. Introduction Who am I? It is a simple question but it can be very difficult to answer. You could answer this question by telling your name, your designation, your place where you live, your hobbies, your passion, or a description of your belief and your values. There are millions of humans with millions of answer to this question and each one can tell a different story about who you are. We have a lot in common with our fellow humans like race, religion, values, and eye colour. There is one thing that makes us each unique is "Personality".

5. Definition According to Allport, 1961, p. 28 , "Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristics behavior and thought". According to Weinberg & Gould, 1999 , “The characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique”.

6. Definition According to American Psychological Association , Personality  refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. The study of personality focuses on two broad areas: One is understanding individual differences in particular personality characteristics, such as sociability or irritability. The other is understanding how the various parts of a person come together as a whole. Adapted from the  Encyclopedia of Psychology According to Merriam Webster , The set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc., that makes a person different from other people.

7. Characteristics Of Personality

8. Factors Influencing Personality Development Personality Factors Biological Factors Physique Chemique Nervous System Sociological Factors Home School Language Culture

9. Factors Influencing Personality Development Personality Factors Psychological Factors Intelligence Motivation Emotion Attitude Interest Sentiment

10. Theories Of Personality Psychoanalytic Theories Attempt to explain human behaviour in terms of interaction of various components of personality. Trait Theories Attempt to learn what trait make up personality and how they relate to actual behaviour Social-Cognitive Theory Attribute difference in personality to socialization, expectations, and mental processes

11. Theories Of Personality Humanistic Theories Focus on private, subjective experience and personal growth Behaviourist Personality Theory Focus on the inner working of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles

12. Purpose Of Personality Theories First Purpose To provide a way of organising the many characteristics you know about yourself and other people. Example - Outgoing or shy, quick tempered or clam, witty or dull. S econd Purpose T o explain the difference among individuals Third Purpose Explore how people conduct their lives. Fourth Purpose Determine how life can be improved.

13. Theories Of Personality

14. Jung's Personality Theory CARL JUNG, SWISS PSYCHIATRIST WHO WAS A FREUDIAN DISCIPLE , believed that “ The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if there is any reaction, both are transformed.” CARL JUNG

15. JUNG’S THEORY OF TWO TYPES: Jung began his explanation of personality by stating four functions first. When mixed with one of two attitudes, these functions formed eight personality types. The four functions included feeling, thinking, sensation, and intuition. 1. Feeling is the persons ability to understand objects. 2. Thinking allows a human to understand objects. 3. Sensation is when a human knows something exists. 4. Intuition is knowing something exists but not knowing where they learned that.

16. JUNG’S THEORY OF TWO TYPES: He said all of us belong to one of two personality types: Introvert: Shy, self-centered person whose attention is focused inward. Extrovert: Bold, outgoing person whose attention is directed outward. Each of it include further 4 personality

17. Jung created this theory seeking to find ones real being. His goal was for one to truly define themselves and reach what they were meant to do. Individualism was the upmost important aspect of life according to Jung. Here is a chart to further help explain Jung's personality theory:

18. Jung’s Eight Personality Types Include:  Extroverted Thinking Humans are able to see the world through complex and solid ideas but these complex ones often handed down or moved on by others. These people often work in math and science fields. Introverted Thinking Humans see how the world works in a subjective and creative way. This analysis is based off of internal knowledge. These people often work in science field as well.  Extroverted Feeling Humans base their judgements on factual, known information. They form their assessments on social values and beliefs. These people often work in business fields and politics.

19. Jung’s Eight Personality Types Include:  Introverted Feeling Humans base their feelings on emotional feelings and beliefs. These people often work in the art field. Extroverted Sensing Humans looks at the world and interpret reality. They see what is going and go with it. They are not influenced by other opinions. These people often work as taste testers or proof readers. Introverted Sensing  Humans look for a hidden message or meaning to something. They do not just look at something and see it being there without a reason. These meanings are based on internal reflection. These people often work in the art field as well.

20. Adler's Personality Theory: ALFRED ADLER Adler stressed a positive view of human nature. He believed that individuals can control their fate. They can do this in part by trying to help others (social interest). How they do this can be understood through analyzing their lifestyle. Early interactions with family members, peers, and teachers help to determine the role of inferiority and superiority in their lives.

21. Adler's Personality Theory: Adler's Personality Theory was created by Alfred Adler (1870 - 1937). Adler called his theory Individual Psychology because he believed that people were unique and that no theory created before his applied to all people. He originally followed Sigmund Freud's teachings but left after a disagreement of Freud's theory which says that the drive of human behavior is sex. Adler's Personality Theory is similar to that of Freud's Personality Theory except that Adler's drive for human behavior is the need to overcome the feelings of inferiority.  Inferiority is a feeling that humans feel since they are born. They grow up being dependent on their parents and feeling like they cannot do anything

22. Adler's Personality Theory: Adler's Personality Theory was created by Alfred Adler (1870 - 1937). Adler called his theory Individual Psychology because he believed that people were unique and that no theory created before his applied to all people. He originally followed Sigmund Freud's teachings but left after a disagreement of Freud's theory which says that the drive of human behavior is sex. Adler's Personality Theory is similar to that of Freud's Personality Theory except that Adler's drive for human behavior is the need to overcome the feelings of inferiority.  Inferiority is a feeling that humans feel since they are born. They grow up being dependent on their parents and feeling like they cannot do anything

23. Adler's Personality Theory: on their own. It is humans drive to overcome inferiority and become superior which causes humans to act. Humans act to achieve perfection and superiority. Those that do feel like they are being overwhelmed by feelings of inferiority will develop an inferiority complex. An inferiority complex brings an exaggerated feeling of inferiority on the sufferer and they will feel less motivated to strive for superiority.

24.   Adler's Psychological Types  Ruling Type Learning Type Avoiding Type  Socially Useful Type  This type refers to those who will push others in order to gain superiority. They have a lot of energy which causes them to push others out of their way. This type contains bullies, sadist, alcoholics, etc.  Those who fall under this type are sensitive and build a shell around themselves. They have low energy levels. They are dependent on others to help them with life difficulties. When overwhelmed they develop phobias, obsessions, anxiety, etc. These people are people who survive by avoiding life. They have the lowest energy levels. They usually become psychotic, living in their own worlds.  This is a healthy person. They have the right amount of energy and take interest in others.

25. Adler's Personality Theory: There are problems with Adler's Personality Theory however. One weakness of this theory is that it isn’t very scientific. Adler’s theory is based of on the strive for superiority and the feelings of inferiority but you cannot measure or test such a thing. Also the theory doesn’t explain every personality of every human. A firstborn child doesn’t always feel like the attention he was receiving went to the middle child nor does the middle child always feel the need to surpass the firstborn child.

26.  GORDON ALLPORT’s TRAIT THEORIES: Allport: Allport Most important personality traits are those that reflect our values.  In 1936, psychologist Gordon Allport gave the “THREE TRAIT THEORY” 1.Cardinal Traits 2.Central Traits 3.Secondary Traits

27.  GORDON ALLPORT’s TRAIT THEORIES: Allport: Allport Most important personality traits are those that reflect our values.  Allport suggested that there are 3 kinds of traits: • cardinal: a single personality trait that directs most of a cardinal person’s activities (e.g., greed, lust, kindness). • central: a set of major characteristics that make up the central core of a person’s personality. • secondary: less important personality traits that do not secondary affect behavior as much as central and cardinal traits do.

28. GORDON ALLPORT’s TRAIT THEORIES: Allport theory  He identified 17953 terms to define personality.  After careful analysis he found 4541 term to define an individual Allport Trait theory  Personality: A Psychological Interpretation (1937)  Allport defined Trait as “ a generalized and focalized neuropsychic system with the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent, and to initiate and guide consistent forms of adoptive and expressive behavior (Allport, 1937).

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30. REFERENCE: https://www.apa.org/topics/personality https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/personality https://www.slideshare.net/Vijirayar/personality-59878190 https://www.slideshare.net/faisalshaan7/theories-of-personality-87874243 https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carljung-140802210559-phpapp01/95/carl-jung-11-638.jpg?cb=1407013600 https://practicalpie.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Introvert-Extravert-Jungian-Archetypes.png https://www.slideshare.net/Vijirayar/personality-59878190

31. Thank You!