Theory of second language acquisition by Stephen D Krashen.pptx

This ppt is designed to discuss the theory of Stephen Krashen. He is famous for his theory of Second Language Acquisition.

1. Stephen D Krashen Second Language A cquisition Dr. Nikhitha Raju

2. Stephen D Krashen(1941-) Linguist, educational researcher and political activist . Expert in the field of linguistic, especially in the theories of language acquisition and development. His theory of second language acquisition had created a large impact in the facet of second language research and teaching since1980s.

3. Theory of Second L anguage Acquisition His five Hypotheses: Affective Filter Hypothesis Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Input Hypothesis Monitor Hypothesis Natural Order hypothesis

4. Acquisition v/s Learning Two different ways of developing skills in a second language: Acquisition Learning

5. Acquisition-learning Hypothesis Acquisition Learning Subconscious process Identical to L1 acquisition Emphasis given to meaning Conscious Process Knowing about a Language Emphasis given to rule

6. Input Hypothesis Meaningful output only possible when we get valuable input. According to Krashen, comprehensible input is one of the most effective thing for language acquisition. By comprehensible input Krashen meant that one level beyond the level of current competence. Acquisition must be possible when a person gets more target language atmosphere.

7. Input Hypothesis Variety of Input Comprehensible Input (One level beyond the level of present competence ) Better Acquisition

8. Affective Filter Hypothesis This hypothesis states how affective factors relate to the second language acquisition process. Three categories of Affective factors are mostly related to Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Motivation Self-confidence Anxiety

9. Affective Filter Hypothesis

10. High level of Anxiety

11. Lack of Motivation

12. Lack of Self-confidence

13. Monitor Hypothesis Acquisition initiates our utterance in a second language. Learning has only one function, and that is as a Monitor or editor. This monitoring can happen before or after we speak or write(Self-correction). This hypothesis implies that conscious learning plays a limited role in second language performance. There are three conditions must be fulfilled to activate the monitor system; such as time, focus on form and sufficient knowledge of the rules.

14. Monitor Hypothesis

15. Monitor Hypothesis Highly monitors/over-users M oderate monitors/optimal-users L ow monitors/under-users

16. Monitor Hypothesis High monitors are usually monitoring their own output. As a result, such performers may speak hesitantly, often self-correct in the Middle of Utterance so they cannot speak with any real fluency Low monitors are not ready to use their conscious Knowledge. Low monitors are uninfluenced by error correction. Moderate monitors use the monitor when it is appropriate and when it does not interfere with communication. They are not use grammar in ordinary conversation., where it might interfere.

17. Natural Order H ypothesis Natural order of acquiring grammar of target language was another idea given by Krashen. A natural sequence of a grammar acquisition is possible. According to Krashen, sometimes a person acquire the present tense form of the verb (ing) rather than possessive case. Copula Plural ing form Article Auxiliary I . Past Possessive III. Singular R . Past

18. Feasibility of Krashen’s SLA Theory on ESL Classroom T heory into practice: Input Hypothesis Affective Filter Hypothesis