This module will provide you with the importance of philosophy.

What is Philosophy?
The meaning and method of doing philosophy in relation to the human person as an embodied being in the world and the environment. This module will provide you with the importance of philosophy. You will find
out how philosophy works in our daily lives, the way you are thinking and the way you
will express your art of reasoning.

1. Objective: Give the meaning of Philosophy Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection

2. What is Philosophy?

3. The term philosophia was probably coined first by Pythagoras (c. 570 – 495 BCE)

4. What is Philosophy? It comes from the Greek word: philos (love) and s ophia (wisdom) Thus, philosophy means “ love of wisdom ” It is soon applied to the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.

5. What is Philosophy? people who engage in philosophy are called philosophers or “lovers of wisdom”. among the ancient Greeks, the philosophers became pioneers in various fields of knowledge such as history, biology, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and even physics. ancient philosophers were “experts” in various fields of learning.

6. Most notable ancient Greek Philosophers A mathematician and scientist He was credited with formulating the Pythagorean theorem. His work earned him many followers, and he established a community of learners who were devoted to the study of religion and philosophy 1. Pythagoras (570 BCE to 495 BCE)

7. He proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logo. For him, change is a permanent aspect of the human condition as he was credited with the saying, “ No man ever steps in the same river twice.” 2. Heraclitus (535 BCE to 475 BCE)

8. He devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena. He was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms . . 3 . Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)

9. He was known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life. For Deogenes , one should not only talk of virtue but should show it in words and actions. He was said to have lived like a beggar because of his extreme practice of simplicity. Known to be the vocal critic of well-known philosophers – Plato and Aristotle. 4. Deogenes of Sinope (412 BCE to 323 BCE)

10. He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness. His views gave rise to Epicureanism - a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain. 5 . Epicurus (341 BCE to 270 BCE)

11. He was considered the foremost philosopher of ancient time He made great contributions to the field of ethics. He himself did not claim to be “wise” and merely considered himself a “midwife” that helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom. 6 . Socrates (470 BCE to 399 BCE)

12. Socrates Method: A means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic. 6 . Socrates (470 BCE to 399 BCE) “unexamined life is not worth living”

13. A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teachings and incorporated some of his own ideas into them. His teaching and writings were considered the foundation of Western philosophy. His ideas includes the Theory of Forms . 7 . Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE)

14. Theory of Forms It proposes that everything that exists is based on an idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind. 7 . Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE) Dialectic A method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge. Academy A method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge.

15. He attended the Academy and was a prominent student of Plato. However, he disagreed with Plato’s theory of forms and took a different stance in interpreting reality. For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive. 8 . Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE)

16. Deductive reasoning the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization. 8 . Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE)

17. MT MC Answers

18. Role of Reflection in Philosophy