Tietze Syndrome course work presentation by Jeorge Sourav Roy.pptx

Tietze Syndrome course work presentation by Jeorge Sourav Roy.

1. ‹#› A course work presentation on “Prevention of sports injuries by using orthotic device”

2. ‹#› Name: Jeorge Sourav Roy B.Sc. in Physiotherapy (4 th year) Roll : 46 Session: 2015-16 Bangladesh Health Professions Institute Prepared by

3. ‹#› Name: Md. Ershad Ali Lecturer, Department of Physiotherapy Bangladesh Health Professions Institute Submitted to

4. ‹#› Contents Introduction Rationale Literature review R esult and Discussion Article summary Conclusion and recommendation Reference s

5. Introduction Sports injury is defined as a loss of body functions or deviation of structure caused by the transfer of energy during participation in sport (Timpka et al., 2014). A sports injury can be serious because its effect can persist over a lifetime. Such as a rupture of the cruciate ligament might be, the beginning of serious arthrosis or a fracture of the growth plate of young age might severely affect skeletal growth. In severe cases, a sports injury at a young age can make it impossible to be physically active for the rest of an individual’s life (Schneider et al., 2012). Sports activities promotes health, and reduces the risks of developing chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, cancer and diabetes but it also carries the risk of injury (Atay ,2014). Soft tissue, bone, ligament, tendon, and nerve injury can occur in athletes of all ages. Sports accidents generally affects the joints of the extremities (knee, ankle, hip, shoulder, elbow, and wrist) or the spine. Among them knee injury is most common it can result in meniscal and chondral lesions, sometimes in combination with cruciate ligament injuries (Maffulli et al., 2011). ‹#›

6. Introduction continues……. ‹#› In overhead sports, such as baseball, handball, volleyball, cricket and tennis shoulder injuries and pain are substantial problems. Athlete’s faces overuse injury or traumatic injury. Commonly faces overuse injury because of the repetitive use of the shoulder with the hand above the head (Asker et al., 2018). In the study, it is found that among 517 athletes 37% had overuse injury, 63% traumatic injuries. The most common traumatic injuries were at Knee (19%) and ankle (29%). Moreover, the incidence of shoulder injuries varies between 0.2/1000hours and 1.8/1000hours (Moller et al., 2012). Aaltonen et al., 2007 in their review showed that custom-made or prefabricated insoles reduced lower limb injuries compared with no insoles in military recruits. External joint supports showed a tendency to prevent ankle, wrist, or knee injuries. External joint support such as ankle orthoses, ankle stabilizers and outside the boot braces reduced ankle injuries. During playing football by military cadets they worn knee supports and it showed a preventive effect on knee injuries. In addition, during snowboarding wrist protector was used and it protects wrist injuries.

7. Rationale Playing sports is both beneficial for physical and mental health. However, sports injury is often occurs and it costly and can lead to disability. Many preventive measures for sports injury are effective. Wearing orthoses before participating in sports may prevent many injuries. All over the world, there is a lot of literatures about the evidence of preventive measures of sports injury. However, in Bangladesh there is less researches about it. This review will help professionals in prescribing appropriate orthoses for athletes. ‹#›

8. Literature Review ‹#› Participation in sports has benefit in both physically and academically. With increased participation in sports, injury comes first in concern. Both initial and recurrent injuries can have long-term impacts on the student’s ability to participate in physical activities. Ankle is the most common body part that injured during sports. Among all ankle injuries, ankle sprain is the most common and it impose significant financial costs on injured students and their families and could restrict athletes from sports participation. In most of the cases ankle injuries were associated with anterior talofibular ligament injury. Therefore, prevention is necessary for ankle injuries. Using braces reduces the injury rate (Swenson et al., 2013). Around 60% of sports injuries are knee injuries. Most frequently reported ligamentous knee injury is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Bracing is a well-known method for prevention and rehabilitation of ligamentous knee injuries. Four main types of knee braces are the patellofemoral, unloader, prophylactic, and functional knee braces. Prophylactic braces are used to limit valgus stress injuries and functional braces are used to prevent anterior translation of the tibia and to limit stress on anterior cruciate ligament-deficient and reconstructed knees (Bodendorfer et al., 2013).

9. Result and Discussion ‹#› Article 01: Title Name: Clinical effectiveness of customised sport shoe orthoses for overuse injuries in runners: a randomised controlled study. Study Design: Prospective, randomised controlled clinical trial. Study population: 50 men and 49 women were included and randomised to the two. intervention groups (orthoses n=51; control n=48). Results: There were statistically significant differences between the orthoses and control groups at 8 weeks for the pain disability index (mean difference 3.2; 95% CI 0.9 to 5.5) and the Subjective Pain Experience Scale (6.6; 2.6 to 10.6). The patients with orthoses reported a rising wearing comfort (pre-treatment ICI 69/100; post treatment ICI 83/100) that was most pronounced in the first 4 weeks (ICI 80.4/100).

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11. Result and Discussion continues.. Discussion: The adaptation to the orthoses seems to be almost completed after 4 weeks of therapy, supports this hypothesis of a mainly sensorimotor effect, as it is well known that the results of sensorimotor training show within 4 weeks. A lack of the study certainly is that therapy was not blinded and that only one orthoses type was tested. As there was no comparative sham orthosis, it cannot be proven that the sports-specific model used in the study is more effective than standard models or prefabricated ones. Additionally, all types of overuse running injuries were included in the study. Thus, the results are not diagnoses- specific and may not apply to all diagnoses to the same degree ‹#›

12. Result and Discussion continues …. ‹#› Article 03: Title Name: Effectiveness of customised foot orthoses for Achilles tendinopathy: a randomised controlled trial Study Design: This was a participant-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial using a sham control group with 1, 3, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Study Population: 1300 volunteers were screened and 140 were enrolled in the study. Sixty-seven participants were allocated to the customised foot orthosis group, and 73 participants were allocated to the sham foot orthosis group. The trial was completed in June 2013, with 109 (77.9%) participants followed up at 1 month, 99 (70.7%) at 3 months, 95 (67.9%) at 6 months and 90 (64.3%) at 12 months.

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14. Result and Discussion continues …. Results: After randomisation into the customised foot orthoses group (n=67) or sham foot orthoses group (n=73), there was 70.7% follow-up of participants at 3 months. There were no significant differences between groups at any time point. At 3 months, the mean (SD) VISA-A score was 82.1 (16.3) and 79.2 (20.0) points for the customised and sham foot orthosis groups, respectively (adjusted mean difference (95% CI) =2.6 (−2.9 to 8.0), p=0.353). There were no clinically meaningful differences between groups in any of the secondary outcome measures. Discussion: There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention groups (customised versus sham) in the primary outcome measure at any time point during the study. Further, the associated CI for each of these comparisons did not include the predefined clinically meaningful difference of 10 points in favour of treatment with the customised foot orthoses. These findings indicate that customised foot orthoses were no more effective than sham foot orthoses for the treatment of mid-portion achilles tendinopathy in participants who also undertook an eccentric calf muscle exercise programme over a 12-month time period. ‹#›

15. Article Summary ‹#›

16. ‹#› Article Summary

17. ‹#› Conclusion and Recommendation All the literature stated above, provide evidence that in sports injury prevention orthotic devices are effective. Different type of injuries need different type of orthosis. Orthosis are used according to the area of the body that might be injured. Phase adapted orthosis; taping, bracing etc. are generally used in prevention of ankle injury. Bracing of knee joint provide stability to the knee and useful for prevention of ACL tear or other injuries. Wrist injuries can also be prevented by orthoses. Among runners modified shoes, insoles are effective for injury prevention. Before prescribing any of these orthoses to athletes, assessment of their overall health status is necessary. Though there is many evidences that supports using orthoses in athletes for injury prevention, further study for the efficacy of each orthoses is needed. Some authors recommended further study regarding this topic. In future, further studies should be carried out and should gather strong evidences for each specific orthoses for each body part.

18. ‹#› References Atay, E., 2014. Prevalence of sport injuries among middle school children and suggestions for their prevention. Journal of physical therapy science, 26(9), pp.1455-1457. Asker, M., Brooke, H.L., Waldén, M., Tranaeus, U., Johansson, F., Skillgate, E. and Holm, L.W., 2018. Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports: a systematic review with best-evidence synthesis. British journal of sports medicine, 52(20), pp.1312-1319. Aaltonen, S., Karjalainen, H., Heinonen, A., Parkkari, J. and Kujala, U.M., 2007. Prevention of sports injuries: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Archives of internal medicine, 167(15), pp.1585-1592. Bonanno, D.R., Murley, G.S., Munteanu, S.E., Landorf, K.B. and Menz, H.B., 2015. Foot orthoses for the prevention of lower limb overuse injuries in naval recruits: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 8(1), pp.1-9. Bodendorfer, B.M., Anoushiravani, A.A., Feeley, B.T. and Gallo, R.A., 2013. Anterior cruciate ligament bracing: evidence in providing stability and preventing injury or graft re-rupture. The Physician and sportsmedicine, 41(3), pp.92-102.