Tissue Repair Study Notes for Exam hard work

Tissue repair notes for exam study well

1. Tissue Repair: Study Notes A Comprehensive Overview

2. Definition of Tissue Repair The process by which the body restores tissue integrity and function after injury.

3. Types of Tissue Repair 1. Regeneration: Replacement of damaged tissue with identical tissue. 2. Repair: Replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue (fibrosis).

4. Phases of Tissue Repair 1. Inflammatory Phase: Initial response to injury, lasting up to a few days. Characterized by hemostasis and inflammation. 2. Proliferative Phase: Lasts several days to weeks. Involves tissue formation and repair, including granulation, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. 3. Remodeling Phase: Lasts weeks to months. Involves tissue maturation and scar formation.

5. Cellular Mechanisms in Tissue Repair Fibroblasts: Produce collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM). Endothelial Cells: Involved in angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels). Epithelial Cells: Involved in re-epithelialization (restoration of skin integrity).

6. Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in Tissue Repair Collagen: Provides structural support and strength. Elastin: Provides elasticity. Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins: Provide hydration and structural organization.

7. Growth Factors in Tissue Repair Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF): Stimulates fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF): Stimulates angiogenesis. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF): Stimulates epithelial cell proliferation.

8. Factors Affecting Tissue Repair Local Factors: Blood supply, presence of infection, extent of injury. Systemic Factors: Age, nutrition, comorbidities, medications (e.g., steroids).

9. Types of Wound Healing Primary Intention: Edges of the wound are brought together (e.g., sutures, staples). Secondary Intention: Wound edges are not approximated; healing occurs through granulation (e.g., large wounds, ulcers). Tertiary Intention: Delayed primary closure; initially left open due to contamination or infection, then closed later.

10. Complications of Tissue Repair Infection: Can delay or impair healing. Chronic Wounds: Wounds that do not follow the normal healing process. Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: Excessive collagen production leading to raised scars. Contractures: Excessive wound contraction leading to deformity and impaired function.

11. Therapeutic Approaches to Enhance Tissue Repair Wound Care: Proper cleaning, debridement, and dressing. Growth Factor Therapy: Application of growth factors to promote healing. Stem Cell Therapy: Use of stem cells to regenerate damaged tissue. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT): Enhances oxygen supply to tissues to promote healing.

12. Nutrition in Tissue Repair Proteins: Essential for collagen synthesis and tissue repair. Vitamins: Vitamin C (collagen synthesis), Vitamin A (epithelialization), Vitamin E (antioxidant). Minerals: Zinc (cell proliferation and repair), Iron (hemoglobin production and oxygen transport).

13. Patient Education and Prevention Wound Care: Importance of proper wound care to prevent infection and complications. Lifestyle Factors: Importance of nutrition, smoking cessation, and managing chronic conditions. Follow-Up: Importance of follow-up appointments to monitor healing progress.