Topic 2 guidance and counselling for children

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1. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING FOR CHILDREN (EDU3073) TOPIC 2 GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICES Prepared by: DINA SYAFIQA ANNUR BINTI AZHAR NUR FATNIN IZNI BINTI AHMAD RIFQI

2. TYPES OF GUIDANCE SERVICES Guidance Teacher as a guidance to help students in school to understand themselves Comprises of various areas (academic, co-curriculum, attitude) Counselling A systematic process to help students to achieve a change of development conducted by school counsellor Eg : Academic and career counselling Career guidance The exposure of career information Family or parents conference a short meeting or conference between the  parents and teachers of students to discuss children's progress at school Eg : PIBG

3. TYPES OF COUNSELLING

4. INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING

5. INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING Tailored to an individual - advice, strategy or planning designed for a singular person and their unique situation. Discussions between the counsellor and his client in where he tries to help his client understand themselves , accept the problems faced and help him overcome problems in life. ( Cottle & Downie , 1970)

6. TYPES OF INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING 1. Academic counselling Providing counselling in order to help clients choose the subjects, in line with their interests, abilities and achievements . In addition, academic counselling also conveys the information about opportunities to further studies at higher learning institutions both in the country or abroad

7. 2. Career Counselling T o help clients obtain career information in line with their interests, talents, abilities and academic achievement. According to Holland in Gibson and Mitchell (1981), individuals would work in an environment related to their interests and suitability – give employees greater satisfaction

8. INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING PHASE

9. 1. Building Relationship M ore of an introductory session – get to know their clients better. Give clients confidence, make clients comfortable and not embarrassed to tell her problems. The counsellor should play a role to stimulate clients to share and continue the interview sessions with specific questions. In this phase the counsellor needs to build rapport with clients, show interest and empathy.

10. 2. Exploration & Development Questions designed to guide the discussion and counsellors should listen actively. To explore clients' real problems and make analysis of each client's response when answering questions. (reflecting feelings and encourage clients to speak and express their opinions )

11. 3. Identifying Problem Counsellors need to identify the main problems. Counsellors should interpret problems and try to talk with clients - no bias and blaming to the client. Counsellors need to assist clients in addressing their problems.

12. 4. Discussing Alternatives The counsellor with clients discuss and formulate strategies to enable clients to handle or cope with their problems. Counsellor’s role is to assist clients in reviewing potential probability of success and obstacles encountered in implementing the plan. Counsellors can also provide guidance in overcoming the difficulties faced by the client.

13. 5. Results And Termination Done through discussion. Making the best choice for addressing or solving the problem The termination is made in two ways the termination of each counselling session conducted at the end of the session (there are a few more session) stop the termination by mutual consent and if the client is completely recovered.

14. PURPOSE OF INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING Establishing a good relationship between the client Develop self understanding Teach them decision making – make good choices – solve conflicts Give students the opportunity to discuss their concerns Build self confidence and esteem Mending good behaviour

15. GROUP COUNSELLING

16. GROUP COUNSELLING Orientation and recovery of the problems to rationalize every pupil in accordance with the requirements of the group. ( Carl Rogers, 1970 ) Group counselling involves individuals who are having difficulties they wish to resolve (personal, educational, social). (Corey & Corey, 1992 ) A form of therapy where people with similar experiences/issues come together with a professional therapist.

17. GROUP COUNSELLING PHASE

18. 1. Orientation Group leader or counsellor will introduce himself and followed by other group members. (Name , interests , etc … ) The role of the counsellor – encourage the participation of each member. Creating fun interaction – facilitate members to express opinions or ask something

19. Counsellor acts as a facilitator: Help members make up the rules Encourage them to be opened Help them to identify concrete personal problems Encourage them to share the hopes and expectations of each

20. 2. Conflict and Confrontation Boredom , impatience and being egocentric towards the ideas from the other members happen during the session. Recrimination worsen as a result of misunderstanding The members still nervous , hesitant and feel insecure – some would withdraw, blaming others and humility

21. Some signs of conflict stages : Members began to dispute, then condemn and criticize other members Members who want to leave the group by trying to influence others . Members feel that they are less heard and less supported. Members believe that the group is unhelpful Members are less willing to participate, come late, are not present and refuse to talk

22. 3. Development and Integration There is an atmosphere of cordiality and mutual trust Members of the group begin to feel comfortable and can interact more openly among themselves Group identity created Members are able to express opinion honestly and openly

23. According to Corey in the Means (2006 ), during this phase: Interaction is more free and straightforward The members feel less threatened Members of the group feel that they are one of the group members The existence of empathy, honesty, sincerity, acceptance, affection - more mature group Feedback from the other members, either accepted or rejected, can be discussed without feeling defensive or discouraged

24. 4. Results The forming of solid and strong relationship Members trust each other and are willing to be criticized Members are satisfied with the sessions and show excitement

25. 5. Termination Individuals obtain satisfaction They can compliment each other They are more prepared to face the reality

26. THE IMPORTANCE OF GROUP COUNSELLING Acquiring social skills while interacting with members of the group Clients are able to understand the similarities and differences a mong the members of the group and able to share ideas. Brilliant and thoughtful ideas can be shared successfully More confident about their own perceptions Establishing good cooperation skill

27. Differences between individual counselling and group counselling INDIVIDUAL GROUP Limited therapeutic process between a counsellor and a client The therapeutic process between a counsellor with a number of clients in the group Guidance received – one way even though the communication occurred is in two ways of interaction Multilateral communication The function of the counsellor is unchanged The function of the counsellor are changed depending on the clients Easier to build an atmosphere of comfort and trust Quite difficult to build the atmosphere of comfort and trust Whole session is devoted to the client’s concerns and goals only – sought the views of the counsellor Clients can observe the behaviour of the problem solving process as well as the handling of problem solving by other clients. Counsellor can give his full attention to his client Attention had to be divided

28. COUNSELLING ETHICS The concept of ethical standards in counselling is mentioned to indicate that there are indeed certain ways of doing things counselling ways which are in line with what is expected of a professional person on the job. What a counsellor says and does in counselling should be fully in line in the provision of the law. A practicing counsellor is required to see that all his behaviour within the context of counselling functions are in line with the ethical standards of the profession.

29. COUNSELLING ETHICS Prioritizing the needs of the client more than the counsellor own needs Client’s right approval ( hak persetujuan klien ) Counsellors protect the rights of their clients including the right to informed consent . Client’s ethics confidentiality ( etika kerahsiaan klien ) Counsellors respect the privacy of their clients and preserve the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of their work . P rivilege communication ( komunikasi hak istimewa ) Obtain confidential information from a client only when it is beneficial to the counselling process

30. REFERENCES Gladding , S. (2009) Counseling: A comprehensive profession . (6 th ed.) New Jersey : Pearson Education International. Idham , S. (2016, January 7). Peringkat Proses Kaunseling . Retrieved from Saleha Idham Blogspot : http://salehaidham.blogspot.my/2010/03/peringkat-proses-kaunseling.html Proses Kelompok Kaunseling . (2016, January 6). Retrieved from Academia Education: https ://www.academia.edu/6279566/PROSES_KELOMPOK_KAUNSELING Ridzuan , M. (2016, January 6). Bimbingan dan Kaunseling Kanak- kanak . Retrieved from Academia Education: https:// www.academia.edu/8187706/Cg_Mohd_Ridzuan_al- Kindy_EDU3107_BIMBINGAN_DAN_KAUNSELING_KANAK- KANAK_TOPIK_1_BIMBINGAN_DAN_KAUNSELING Types of Therapy. (2016, January 6). Retrieved from Reach Out: http:// ie.reachout.com/getting-help/face-to face-help/types-of-therapy/group-counselling /