Tourism in somalia

Tourism in somalia

1. Tourism Lecturer : Abdulwali Mohamed Salad Email: [email protected] Presentation : Tourism in Somalia

2. Outlines I ntroduction Tourism Development and Economic Growth in Developing Countries History Regulation Attraction Historical Sites Beaches Waterfalls Mountains National Parks Most Visited Countries in the World

3. I ntroduction Tourism in Somalia  is regulated by the  Federal Government of Somalia 's Ministry of Tourism. The industry was traditionally noted for its numerous historical sites, beaches, waterfalls, mountain ranges and national parks. After the start of the civil war in the early 1990s, the Tourism Ministry shut down operations. It was later re-established in the 2000s, and once again oversees the national tourist industry. The Mogadishu -based Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA) provides on-the-ground consulting services.

4. Tourism Development and Economic Growth in Developing Countries Tourism industry has emerged as one of the leading service industries in the global economy in recent decades. Economic flows generated by international tourism have become vital factors in economic growth and international economic relations in many developing countries. For example, according to the World Tourism Organization (2010), as a result of an ever increasing number of destinations opening up and investing in tourism development, modern tourism has become a key driver for socio-economic progress through the creation of jobs and enterprises, infrastructure development, and the export revenues earned. In addition, the contribution of tourism to worldwide economic activity is estimated at some 5% while its contribution to employment is estimated in the order of 6-7% of the overall number of direct and indirect jobs worldwide. According to the World Tourism Organization, between 1970 and 2009, there was a 48-fold increase in international tourism receipts rising from US$17.9 billion in 1970 to US$852 billion in 2009.

5. Cont.…… The importance of the tourism sector can further be understood based on recent statistics available from the World Travel & Tourism Council. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council's latest economic impact report (The World Travel & Tourism Council, 2011), the industry’s direct contribution to global GDP increased by 3 .3% in 2010 to US$1,770 billion and is expected to rise further by 4.5% to US$1,850 billion in 2011, creating an additional 3 million direct industry jobs. In addition, taking into account its wider economic impacts, travel and tourism’s total economic contribution in 2011 is expected to account for US$5,987 billion or 9.1% of global GDP , and for 258 million jobs. The report also predicts that the direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP is expected rise by 4.2% annually to US$2,860.5 billion (in constant 2011 prices) in 2021. In addition, the total contribution of travel and tourism to employment, including jobs indirectly supported by the industry, is forecast to be 258.6 million jobs (8.8% of total employment), visitor exports are expected to generate US$1,162.7 billion (5.8% of total exports ), and total industry investment is estimated at US$652.4 billion or 4.5% of total investment in 2011.

6. History Neolithic rock art at the  Laas Gaal complex.

7. Cont.…… In the pre-independence period, European explorers would occasionally travel to Somalia and other parts of the Horn of Africa to visit the region's numerous historical sites described in old documents like the 1st century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Somalia's ecological parks, coral reefs and protected areas. Following Somalia's independence in 1960, the Ministry of Tourism was established in order to regulate the national tourist industry. In 1969, the Law on Fauna (Hunting) and Forest Conservation was passed, which defined and provided for the establishment of controlled areas, game reserves and partial game reserves. It was later amended in 1978.

8. Cont.…… Under Mire Aware Jama, the Ministry subsequently passed the Tourism Act in 1984. The bill laid down official guidelines for the development and modernization of the tourism sector. Among its stated aims was the acquisition of land in the interior and on the coast as well as beach properties for the purpose of building or expanding tourist infrastructures. The Act also included provisions for "the protection, preservation and utilization of historic, cultural and artisanal resources; the protection and preservation of ecology and environment; and strict urban and regional planning for zones of touristic interest to include game parks, land and sea parks, sanctuaries, etc."

9. Cont.…. The Tourism Ministry sought to center the industry in the vicinity of the southern Lag Badana National Park, with nearby coral reefs and offshore islands likewise envisioned as part of the development. Additionally, plans were drawn up for the formation of a tourist resort area on one of the beaches near the capital Mogadishu, in the south-central Banedir region.

10. The historic Mogadishu waterfront (1984). The historic Mogadishu waterfront (1984).

11. The historic Mogadishu waterfront (1984). By 1989, newer legislation was drafted governing the establishment of national parks, game reserves and special reserves. The conservation of wildlife resources was at this time overseen by the Ministry of Livestock, Forestry and Range's National Range Agency. Its Department of Wildlife also operated an independent law-enforcement unit, which had been created through presidential decree. Following the outbreak of the civil war in 1991, tourism in Somalia came to a halt. Various international bodies subsequently began issuing travel advisories recommending that potential tourists avoid visiting the area for safety reasons. Aside from a handful of adventure seekers, few travelers ventured to the volatile southern provinces. Most instead limited their visits to the relatively stable northern Puntland and Somaliland regions.

12. The historic Mogadishu waterfront (1984). Ruins of the Adal Sultanate in Zeila Ruins of the Adal Sultanate in Zeila .

13. Cont.…. After the Somali Armed Forces evicted Al-Shabaab militants from Mogadishu in mid-2011, the capital gradually started to experience a renaissance. Local businessmen and returning Somali expatriates built and opened up a number of new hotels and guest houses, mainly catering to other Somalis as well as some Westerners. Newly constructed beachside resorts also accommodated the first tourist families in many years.

14. Cont.…. One of the forts of the Majeerteen Sultanate ( Migiurtinia ) in Hafun.

15. Regulation Tourism in Somalia is regulated by the reconstituted national Ministry of Tourism. The autonomous Puntland and Somaliland regions maintain their own tourist offices . Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA) also provides consulting services from within the country on the national tourist industry. Due to the long absence of governmental regulation, it is uncertain how many international inbound tourists visit Somalia per year. However, visas and stay permits are now mandatory for all foreign nationals. As of April 2013, the re-established Somali Immigration Department requires all undocumented foreigners to register at its offices in the capital.

16. Attractions Somalia has a number of local attractions, consisting of historical sites, beaches, waterfalls, mountain ranges and national parks. As of March 2015, the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife of the South West State announced that it is slated to establish additional game reserves and wildlife ranges.

17. Historical sites North Aluula – Former capital of the Majeerteen Sultanate ( Migiurtinia ). Bargal – Former seasonal capital of the Majeerteen Sultanate. Features the ruins of one of the castles of King Osman Mahamuud . Bosaso -The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea indicates that ancient Greek merchants sailed to Bosaso , providing notes about the strategic and geographical location of the current Bosaso area, which was known as Mosylon in ancient times. Damo – The likely "Market and Cape of Spices" described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

18. Cont.…. Dhambalin – Archaeological site in northern Somalia, with rock art in the Ethiopian-Arabian style showing early evidence of animal domestication. Eyl – Site of many historical artefacts and structures. Served as a base for the Dervish forces, with several forts remaining from this period. Also includes some colonial edifices built by the Italians. Aerial view of the Dervish State's main fort complex in Taleh . Hafun – Site of an ancient necropolis. Haylaan – Site of numerous ancient ruins and buildings. Includes the tombs of Sheikh Darod and his wife Dobira . Laas Gaal – Complex of caves in northwestern Somalia containing some of the earliest known rock art in the region. Its cave paintings have been estimated to date back between 9,000-3,000 BCE. Las Khorey – Former capital of the Warsangali Sultanate. Is the seat of the Sultan's former two- storey palace, a fortress, and a number of other historic ruins.

19. Cont.…. Maydh – Site of an ancient port city in the Sanaag region of Somalia. Includes the tomb of Sheikh Isaaq . Qa’ableh – Old town with a number of ancient burial structures. Believed to harbor the tombs of former kings from early periods of Somali history. Includes the tomb of Sheikh Harti. Qombo'ul – Historic town in the Sanaag region. Sites include ancient ruins, buildings and structures. Taleh – Former capital of the Dervish State. Features a large fortress complex. Zeila – The commercial port of Avalites in antiquity, and the first capital of the medieval Adal Sultanate

20. South Afgooye – Former capital of the Geledi Sultanate. Barawa – An important medieval trading city. Gondal – An historic settlement in southern Somalia. The site of ancient ruins, it is considered a predecessor of Kismayo . Gondershe – Medieval stone city built on an oasis featuring coral stone houses, fortifications, tombs and mosques. Location of the film La Conchiglia (1992) shot by the award-winning Somali director Abdulkadir Ahmed Said. Hannassa – Historic town built on a promontory. Features pillar tombs, old houses with archways and courtyards, and a mosque with a well-preserved mihrab overlooking the Indian Ocean.

21. Cont.…. Hobyo – Former capital of the Sultanate of Hobyo . Kismayo – Site of ruins of the Geledi Sultanate and other kingdoms. Luuq – A town in the southwestern Gedo province of Somalia. It is one of the older settlements in the area. Merca – An ancient port city in the southern Lower Shebelle ( Shabellaha Hoose ) region of Somalia. Mogadishu – Former capital of the Sultanate of Mogadishu. Likely coextensive with the ancient port of Sarapion , as described by Ptolemy. Nimmo – An historical town located south of Mogadishu, it consists of ruined stone houses and mosques. Warsheikh – One of the principal settlements of the Sultanate of Mogadishu during the Middle Ages.

22. Beaches Beach in Somalia. Gezira Beach – Mogadishu Bosaso - Bosaso Baathela – Berbera Batalaale – Berbera Lido – Mogadishu

23. Beaches Lido Beach Batalaale – Berbera

24. Waterfalls Iskushuban Lamadaya

25. Waterfalls

26. Mountain ranges Golis Mountains Ogo Mountains Buurweyn Mountains Daallo Mountains

27. Mountain ranges

28. National parks Hargeisa National Park Hobyo grasslands and shrublands Jilib National Park Kismayo National Park Lag Badana National Park

29. National parks

30. Regions Southern Somalia Home to the capital. Central Somalia The central portion of the country, around the Hiraan,Galguduud and Mudug regions.

31. Cont.… Puntland A historic, autonomous region on the Horn. And has a developing government as well as developing city with the oil found. Somaliland The de facto independent northern region, which boasts a functioning government and a miniscule extant tourist sector.

32. Most Visited Countries in the World   Tourism is a major industry in many parts of the world and it’s changing many people’s life for the better. In some of the most visited countries in the world, the tourism industry plays an enormous part and supports a big population. Thankfully, worldwide tourism is on the rise, according to  World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) . The total number of international tourist arrivals in the world has increased from 674 million in the year 2000 to 940 million in 2010 to 1,235 million in 2017 .

33. Cont.…. France: 82.6 million visitors United States: 75.6 million visitors Spain: 75.6 million visitors China: 59.3 million visitors Italy: 52.4 million visitors  United Kingdom: 35.8 million visitors Germany: 35.6 million visitors  Mexico: 35.0 million visitors Thailand: 32.6 million visitors Turkey: 30 million visitors

34. Least visited countries in the World Sao Tome & Principe: 8,000 visitors Niue: 8,000 visitors Libya: 6,250 visitors Marshall Islands: 6,000 visitors Equatorial Guinea: 5,700 visitors South Sudan: 5,500 visitors Kiribati: 4,000 visitors Tuvalu: 2,000 visitors Somalia : 400 visitors

35. Cont.…. Numerous travel warnings are in effect for Somalia due to the armed conflicts between the government and violent factions (including Al Shabab, linked to al-Qaeda). But before the civil wars began in the early 1990s, Somalia was extremely welcoming to tourists. The country is especially notable for its waterfalls, mountain ranges, and national parks. The wild areas are home to a vast number of interesting wildlife. This includes lions, cheetahs, spotted hyenas, leopards, onyx, and ostrich. Additionally, the country has the longest coastline of any on the African continent, and possesses innumerable beaches. The Somali beach near Mogadishu is especially beautiful. 10. Nauru: 160 visitors