Toxicity from Food Additives and Adulterants

Food additives are and adulterants are added intentionally by the food processors. However, some of the elements in such substances are responsible for causing severe health issues and toxicity and can also lead towards causalities.

Health Impact of toxicity by food additives and adulterants along with its purpose of addition and treatments are given in the following file.

1. TOXICITY FROM FOOD ADDITIVES AND AULTERANTS

2. ADULTERATION Addition of poor quality substances Makes the food unfit for consumption Reduction in consumer acceptance

3. PURPOSE OF ADULTERATION Improve texture Provides food with decreased nutrition Lack of knowledge Gain Profit Increase in Quantity To mask the inferior food quality

4. Artificial coloring agents in Tea Salicylic Acid in Milk Sugar with washing soda and chalk Lead chromate in Turmeric COMMON ADULTERATION IN FOOD

5. SALICYLIC ACID IN MILK Milk being the number one food when it comes to nutritional profile is also at a greater risk as it is considered to the commodity that has most cases of adulteration. Addition of salicylic acid provides the milk and milk products with extension in shelf life but with huge health hazards associated. 5

6. Salicylic acid preforms the preservative functions. It allows the long distance transport of milk. It inhibit the spoilage and proliferation of microbes. PURPOSE OF ADDITION 6

7. HAZARDOUS COMPOUND It destroys the composition and quality of milk when heat processed Salicylic acid binds with the proteins of milk It can be highly toxic if consumed   7

8. Hazardous to health Banned by WHO Banned by FAO Not suitable for consumption Zero percent tolerance is accepted ALLOWANCE FOR SALICYLIC ACID No ADI is allocated 8

9. EFFECT ON BODY Asthma problems Gastro-intestinal issues Hyperactivity in children Kidney issues, severe cases kidney failure too. Liver damage Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhea. 9

10. SUGAR WITH WASHING SODA Sugar being the basic and most utilized product is also facing the issue of adulteration. Washing soda is a compound that is used to clean heavy stains from laundry. However, the use of washing soda is being applied to make the sugar components look more clean and whitish in color. 10

11. Washing soda is added to make the sugar look more appealing to eye. It is added to increase the product in quantity. S ugar is appears more whitish ad powdery in nature. PURPOSE OF ADDITION 11

12. Hazardous to health Banned by WHO Banned by FAO Not suitable for consumption No tolerance is accepted ALLOWANCE FOR WASHING SODA No ADI is allocated 12

13. EFFECT ON BODY Gastro-intestinal issues Kidney associated problems S evere cases can lead to kidney failure too. Liver damage and swelling is common Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhea is observed in acute effects 13

14. ARTIFICIAL COLORING IN TEA Color adulteration is strictly prohibited from consumer health point of view but coloring of tea has gradually become a matter of serious concern these days . Tea leaves which were damaged during manufacturing process or are of inferior quality are being treated with various coloring agents to improve their appearance and price. Black teas are usually treated with Plumbago(black lead in pencils) which is commonly referred as graphite. 14

15. Deception of consumers Providing the product with more dense color To reduce the manufacturing cost As pre-used tea leaves are treated with coloring agents and used again. PURPOSE OF ADDITION 15

16. Hazardous to health Banned by WHO Banned by FAO Not suitable for consumption Zero percent tolerance is accepted ALLOWANCE FOR PLUMBAGO No ADI is allocated 16

17. EFFECT ON BODY Liver damage is most commonly seen health hazard Cirrhosis takes place in severe cases It can also prove to be carcinogenic upon long term use. Tooth decay is also observed Gastro-intestinal issues 17

18. LEAD CHROMATE IN TURMERIC Turmeric is an essential spice that many people consume daily in South Asia. It also has some medicinal uses. It may potentially treat  inflammation  and have healing effects across many conditions. Lead chromate is a chemical compound comprising lead and chromium, is a yellow pigment that can enhance the brightness of a substance . It acts as a neurotoxin when humans ingest or inhale it . 18

19. Making the product more attractive Enhancement of visual appearance of product To provide yellow and orange color to the products PURPOSE OF ADDITION 19

20. Hazardous to health Banned by WHO Banned by FAO Not suitable for consumption Zero percent tolerance is accepted ALLOWANCE FOR LEAD CHROMATE No ADI is allocated 20

21. EFFECT ON BODY It is highly carcinogenic Acute toxicity results in vomiting , diarrhea, headache etc. Cognitive defects Its acts as a neurotoxin Paralysis is the most common defect 21

22. FOOD ADDITIVES Preservers the flavor and taste Improves the sensory characteristics Chemical substances added to food

23. PURPOSE OF ADDITIVE ADDITION To provide with preservation purposes Improves the safety and freshness of food. Provides more consumer attraction To extend the freshness of product Enhancement of sensory characteristics To mask the inferior food quality

24. Sulfites Monosodium glutamate Sodium Nitrite Lead chromate in Turmeric COMMON FOOD ADDITIVES IN FOOD

25. MONO-SODIUM GLUTAMATE Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is an important ingredient in the cuisines of China and Japan. It is used commercially in broths, soups, canned and frozen vegetables, flavoring and spice blends, gravies, meats, poultry, and sauces and in other combinations . MSG elicits a unique taste, known as  umami, that is different from the other basic tastes. 25

26. It is a white crystalline substance. Described as a sodium salt of the amino acid glutamic acid, that is used to intensify the natural flavor of certain foods. Provision of umami flavor Enhancement of flavor and taste profile PURPOSE OF ADDITION 26

27. Hazardous to health Approved by WHO Approved under safe limits It is equivalent to 30 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. ALLOWANCE FOR MSG ADI allocated is 14mg per pound 27

28. EFFECT ON BODY It has toxic effects on fetal development It causes impairment in: Nervous system Endocrine system Reproductive system Acute toxicity causes Hypertension Obesity Gastro intestinal issues 28

29. SODIUM NITRITE Sodium nitrite is most often used as an additive for preservation purposes. Eating meats preserved with sodium nitrite, such as hot dogs, bacon and breakfast sausages can increase the risk of cancer because nitrite can form carcinogenic compounds when exposed to hot environments like a frying pan or acidic environments like the digestive system . Use of sodium nitrite is approved by WHO and FAO but under their allowance limits. 29

30. It is used for preservation purposes It is used extensively to enhance the color profile It is also involved in extending the shelf life of processed meats PURPOSE OF ADDITION 30

31. Hazardous to health Approved by WHO Approved under safe limits ALLOWANCE FOR SODIUM NITRITE ADI allocated is 0.07mg/Kg of body weight 31

32. EFFECT ON BODY It has toxic effects on upon its consumption more than allocated ADI It can be carcinogenic More specifically it causes colorectal cancer Gastric cancers and liver disorders are also associated with its consumption. 32

33. SULFITES Sulfites are chemicals that are used to prevent cut fruits and vegetables from discoloration. It also prevents bacterial growth and fermentation in wine. Once considered safe, they've since been found to occasionally cause fatal allergic reactions . FDA has banned the use of sulfite on raw fruits and vegetables as it can cause extremely lethal effects on humans upon consumption. 33

34. It is used for preservation purposes It prevents enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning It prevents oxidation processes Also prevents bacterial growth PURPOSE OF ADDITION 34

35. Hazardous to health Approved by WHO Approved under safe limits ALLOWANCE FOR SULFITES ADI allocated is 450mg/Kg of body weight 35

36. EFFECT ON BODY It has toxic effects on upon its consumption more than allocated ADI It causes Dermatitis Anaphylactic Urticaria Diarrhea Severe abdominal pain 36

37. OLESTRA Olestra is a fat substitute that adds no calories to products. It is associated with its use in the preparation of high-fat foods such as potato chips, thereby lowering or eliminating their fat content . Olestra aims to reduce a food's fat and calories while maintaining its texture. Due to its chemical  composition, olestra is not digested or absorbed by the body. Thus, it may cause abdominal cramping and loose fatty stools. 37

38. It is a fat substitute It reduces the fat content of food however provides same texture and appearance Use of olestra lowers the fat content of food. PURPOSE OF ADDITION 38

39. Hazardous to health Approved by FDA Approved under safe limits ALLOWANCE FOR OLESTRA ADI allocated is 20mg/Kg of body weight 39

40. EFFECT ON BODY It has toxic effects on upon its consumption more than allocated ADI It causes Abdominal pain Loose stool problem Malabsorption Flatulence Bloating Diarrhea 40

41. Thankyou! 41

42. FOOD ADDITIVES https :// www.britannica.com/science/monosodium-glutamate https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30273089/#:~:text=Several%20studies%20revealed%20that%20MSG,%2C%20reproductive%2C%20and%20endocrine%20system . https:// www.healthline.com/nutrition/msg-good-or-bad https:// efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4786 https:// www.forbes.com/2008/04/02/food-additives-preservatives-forbeslife-cz_ph_0402additives_slide.html?sh=d2ae52b5738d https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/sulfite#:~:text=Sulfites%20are%20used%20as%20preservatives,and%20canned%20vegetables%20and%20fruits . https:// efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4786 https://mphprogramslist.com/50-jawdroppingly-toxic-food-additives-to-avoid / https:// www.webmd.com/food-recipes/news/20000214/olestra-eaters-beware https://www.medscape.com/answers/123702-11593/what-are-the-possible-adverse-effects-of-olestra-olean#:~:text=The%20major%20adverse%20effects%20reported,be%20supplemented%20with%20these%20vitamins . https:// efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1512 FOOD ADULTERANTS https ://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326652 https://news.stanford.edu/2019/09/24/lead-found-turmeric/#:~:text=Often%20unaware%20of%20the%20dangers,considered%20unsafe%20in%20any%20quantity . https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/is-your-tea-adulterated-here-s-how-to-find-out-101634909343927.html https://www.publichealthnotes.com/food-adulteration-types-of-food-adulteration-and-mitigation-measures/#:~:text=HEALTH%20HAZARDS%20OF%20FOOD%20ADULTERATION%3A&text=Lead%20added%20to%20water%2C%20natural,cause%20colic%2C%20vomiting%20and%20diarrhoea . https://tea.fandom.com/wiki/Adulteration_of_tea#:~:text=Adulterated%20tea%20contains%20chemicals%20or,consumer%20in%20some%20other%20way . https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/colouring-tea-has-become-a-serious-health-concern-768155.html https://www.balancenutrition.in/blog/health-reads/health-diet/how-does-food-adulteration-impact-our-health https://ebrary.net/196200/health/overview_potential_toxicity_food_adulterants_food_adulteration https://foodcontaminationjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40550-016-0045-3#:~:text=Milk%20adulteration%20with%20urea,2012 ). https://byjus.com/biology/food-adulteration/ SOURCE OF INFORMATION 42