Trauma of MFA anatomy causes pathology diagnosis treatment.ppt

General summary of trauma of MFA

1. Trauma of Maxillofacial Bones Devendra Kumar Dhakad Group 04

2. Introduction Trauma of the facial skeleton can lead to functional and aesthetic problems Commonly involves mandible, maxilla, zygomatic bones, nasal bones, and orbit.

Causes pain, swelling, deformity, malocclusion, and nerve injury.

3. Etiology Road traffic accidents (most common)

Falls from height

Sports injuries

Physical assault / violence

Industrial or occupational accidents

Gunshot or blast injuries

4. Pathogenesis Direct trauma causes bone fracture

Force transmission may injure adjacent bones or soft tissues

Displacement or fragmentation of bone segments

Associated injuries: teeth, nerves, blood vessels

5. Pathological Anatomy Bones commonly involved: Mandible

Maxilla

Zygomatic complex

Nasal bones

Orbital floor Soft tissue injuries: Lacerations

Contusions

Hematoma

6. Classification Mandible Symphyseal fracture

Parasymphyseal fracture

Body fracture

Angle fracture

Ramus fracture

Condylar fracture Maxilla Le Fort I: Horizontal fracture

Le Fort II: Pyramidal fracture

Le Fort III: Craniofacial disjunction Zygomatic & Others Zygomatic fractures: Tripod fracture, Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture

Nasal fractures

Orbital floor fractures

7. Clinical Features Pain, tenderness, swelling

Bruising and bleeding

Facial deformity / asymmetry

Malocclusion or bite changes

Numbness (infraorbital or mental nerve)

Difficulty opening/closing mouth

8. Diagnosis Clinical Inspection: swelling, deformity, lacerations

Palpation: step deformities, tenderness

Occlusion check: misalignment of teeth Imaging X-rays: Mandible, maxilla, zygoma

CT scan: 3D reconstruction for complex fractures

Panoramic dental X-ray for mandibular fractures

9. Treatment Initial Management ABCs first: Airway, Breathing, Circulation

Control bleeding

Pain management

Prevent infection: antibiotics if needed Fracture Management Closed reduction: minor, non-displaced fractures

Open reduction & internal fixation (ORIF): plates and screws

Soft tissue repair: suturing lacerations, hematoma evacuation

10. Prognosis Depends on:

Severity of fracture

Soft tissue or nerve involvement

Timely and proper management


Most patients recover well with appropriate treatment

11. Rehabilitation Jaw physiotherapy to restore motion

Occlusal adjustments if required

Follow-up imaging to ensure bone healing

Speech and mastication therapy if severe injuries

12. Prevention Wear helmets and seat belts

Protective gear in sports

Safety measures at workplaces

Road safety awareness