Tulip under protected structure

variety, soil and climate, propagation, manuring, harvesting and yield

1. Protected cultivation- EC-24 (2+1) PRESENTED BY: RAKESH KUMAR PATTNAIK Asst. Prof. Horticulture MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Lecture 10. Tulip under protected cultivation Dt.15.06.20

2. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Tulipa stellata and T. aitchisonii Liliaceae Tulips are very famous ornamental bulbous flowers grown due to their attractiveness. Tulip cultivation is limited in India. However, Himachal Pradesh and hilly areas of Jammu and Kashmir are perfect for Tulip cultivation. Holland is the largest producer of tulip flowers and bulbs and has become the back bone of flower industry in Netherlands. Tulip consists of 100-150 species, it ranks first among bulbous ornamental Largest area under a true bulb crop in the world is that of tulip followed by narcissus, iris, hyacinth and lily. In temperate regions of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttrakhand and similar hilly region. Colors like orange, pink, cherry, magenta, salmon, crimson, purple, apricot, lilac, mauve, blue. yellow, apricot, violet, terracotta, red. scarlet, chocolate, brown along with many shades.

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4. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Varieties of Tulips: In India, the main varieties of early flowering Tulips are; Single Early, Double Early, and Mid-season Tulips are; Triumph, Mendal . The late season Tulip varieties are Rembrandt. Bijbloemen , Double Late, Parrots, Darwin and Darwin hybrids.

5. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Environmental Conditions For the production of tulips four factors plays a vital role in the development of tulips they are listed below  Temperature  Light  Humidity and  Air composition Temperature is the most important factor affecting growth physiology of tulip. There is an obligatory temperature requirement for tulip growth. It requires warm (17-20°C), cold (2-9°C) and warm (17-20°C) temperature in sequence. The bulbs are typically planted in late summer and fall, normally from 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 inch.) deep, depending on the type planted, in well drained soils

6. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Pre-Requisites for the cultivation of Tulip flowers inside the greenhouse STEP 1 : Give the tulip bulbs the correct amount of chilling by either allowing them to sit in an unheated greenhouse, or by placing them in a cooler. The length of chilling required for most tulip varieties is 14 to 16 weeks , depending on the variety. The temperature must stay between 35 and 45 degrees F during this time. The amount of time from chilling to bloom time will take about 21 weeks , depending on the tulip variety.

7. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES STEP 2 : Plant the bulbs in the ground inside the greenhouse, or planting trays filled with potting soil inside the greenhouse, after the chilling period is finished. It takes four to six weeks for the tulips to bloom after planting in the ground or trays inside the greenhouse When planting the bulbs directly in the ground or in planting trays, plant as close as 2 inches apart and 1 inch below the surface of the soil

8. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES STEP 3 : Expose the planting area you have chosen for growing your tulips to a steady temperature of 65 to 70 degrees F . You may need to use a greenhouse heater to accomplish this if you're growing in the early spring when outdoor temperatures are still cool. If the temperatures are too warm, provide ventilation. If you're attempting to grow tulips in the heat of the summer, you will need to provide air conditioning, exhaust fans or other cooling device to keep the temperatures down to the desired level. Temperatures that are too warm will cause the bulbs to bloom quickly on long, rangy stems, so keep the temperature at the required level of 65 to 70 degrees F for optimal flower production

9. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ­ STEP 4 : Allow unobstructed sunlight levels through the top and sides of the greenhouse to reach the area the tulip bulbs are planted. No artificial light is necessary once the chilled bulbs are planted and exposed to the right temperatures and normal greenhouse light levels. Climate Required for Tulip Cultivation: Tulip grown in hills requires a day temperature of 20-26 o C and night temperature of 5-12 C during growth period. Tulips are very sensitive to frost . The best natural suitable areas in India are Shimla, Kangra , Kullu , Solan , Sirmour , and Mandi

10. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Soil Requirement for Tulip Cultivation: - Tulips require 'well-drained light sandy loam soils for better growth and yield . Tulip bulbs on raised beds are recommended. heavy soils, adding well-decomposed compost or peat moss or other organic matter helps in crop growth The soil pH of 6.0 to 7.0 i s ideal for Tulip cultivation. Avoid heavy clay soils and poor soils. Land Preparation for Tulip Cultivation: Land should be prepared by getting the soil to fine tilth stage and removing any weeds from previous crops

11. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Propagation, Planting and Spacing in Tulip Cultivation: Tulips are propagated by bulblets and bulbs. They can also be propagated by seeds. October to December is ideal time for planting in mid-hills at 1,100 to 1,800-meter mean sea level ( m.s.l ) and November to December and February months are ideal for high hill regions which are above 1,800-meter mean sea level ( m.s.l ). The planting pit 2 to 3 times the height of the bulb . In general, tulip bulbs should be planted 5 to 8 cm deep at spacing of 15 cm x 10 cm . Plant 3 to 5 bulbs in 15 cm pot . If they are intended to grow in pots. To get a good crop of flower, bulbs of 10-12 cm size

12. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Irrigation in Tulip Cultivation: Irrigation depends on soil type, climate. However, alternate day irrigation should be carried out in case of greenhouse and polyhouse cultivation. In case or open areas, irrigation should be given at weekly interval. Drip irrigation can be adopted in areas where water is major problem

13. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Manures and Fertilizers in Tulip Cultivation: - Dry cow manure and compost are excellent organic manures far Tulip cultivation. \Well-rotten farmyard manure ( FMY) 3-5 kgm 2 should be mixed thoroughly. Spraying of micronutrient rich solution Multlplex - 50 ppm (once or twice) before colour - breaking is beneficial in Tulip Cultivation. The best inorganic fertilizer is a general purpose one such as NPK 5-10-5, with 5% Nitrogen (N). 10% phosphorus (P) and 5% potassium (K).

14. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Pests and Diseases in Tulip Cultivation: - Tulip flowers are attacked by thrips . Spraying of Rogor (0.05) controls them effectively . Bulb rot is controlled by treating them with Bavistin (0.1,) or Dithane M-45 (0.2% ). Tulip crop is also infested with aphids. Application of recommended doses of Endosulfan , Malathion, Aldicarbs is beneficial to control this pest. Fusarium infection causes a 'sour' smell from the bulbs and the appearance of a white mould on tunic. Removal of tunic reveals soft infected bulbs. The bulbs, badly damaged by the fungus, become hollow and light in weight. Soil drenching with 0.2% Benomyl is recommended to control disease.

15. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Harvest in Tulip Cultivation: - When it comes to cut flower harvesting, usually Tulips start flowering Feb- April in mid-hills and April-June in High-hill regions. The scapes along with two leaves should be cut when 25%-50%, color develop on flower petals . When it comes to bulb harvesting, they should be harvested when Tulip plant leaves start leaving yellow or 45 days after flowering air-dried in shade Tulip bulbs should be stored at 7 -10 C for 7-8 weeks during Sept-Oct for proper development of flower primordia

16. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Yield in Tulip Cultivation: - Yield of Tulip cut flowers and bulbs depend on many factors like cultivar (variety), irrigation, soil, climate and other flower farming practices. 2.5 Lakh/Acre flower .

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