Type of glass available in Market. Glass SURVAY.pptx

This PPT is about the glass , the type of glass available in market

1. GLASS SUBMITTED TO: AR TOOLIK MAM DEV BHOOMI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND DESIGN SUBMITTED BY : ADRASH BIJLWALN AMAN SINGH PANWAR MOHD ZIYAUL SHRITI MURARI SANDEEP BHANDARI

2. 1. A morphous 2. H ard 3. B rittle 4. T ransparent 5. T ranslucent 6. S uper-cooled liquid xR 2 O . yMO . 6SiO 2 Represented as R = monovalent alkali metals like Na,K M = Divalent metals like Ca, Pb,Zn, etc x & y = whole numbers Mixture of metallic silicate like pure sand, soda chalk, and an alkali metal It is made with the mixture of sand and silicate in a very hot fire stove called a kiln Approximate composition of ordinary glass(Soda lime glass) is Na 2 O . CaO . 6SiO 2 In some glasses, SiO 2 may be replaced by Al 2 O3 . B 2 O 3 . P 2 O 5 , etc GLASS obtained by fusing a mixture of a number of metallic silicates, most commonly Na(sodium), K( potassium ),Ca(calcium) and Pb(lead). It possesses no sharp melting point, crystalling structure and

3. Properties of glass :- Amorphous Solid (atoms irregular fashion) No definite melting point Very brittle Softens on heating Can absorb, reflect and transmit light Good electrical insulator Affected by alkalis Not affected by air,water,acid or chemical reagents . But soluble in HF which converts into SiF 4 Light in weight because it has homogeneous internal structure similar to liquids Sodium (Na), 14 Potassiu m (K), 0.3 Calc i um (Ca), 9 Bari um (Ba), 4 Silica, 70 Others, 2.7 Sodium (Na) Barium (Ba) Potassium (K) Silica Calcium (Ca) Others RI ( Refractive index)

4. Transparency / Translucency Glass is a transparent material which means it lets light pass through it and allows a clear view of the objects on the other side. It creates a visual connection with the outside world. Clear glass can also be made opaque, creating a translucency to control the amount of light that is transmitted through. 2. Insulation Glass is a good insulator against visible light transmission, heat, electricity, and electromagnetic radiation. Certain types of glass have high resistance against ultra-violet, infrared, and x-ray transmission. Glass is also a good sound insulator with the right thickness and spacing of panes; glass resists sound transmissions. 3. Strength Glass has great strength as it can withstand the backlash of rain, sun, and wind, yet at the same time, glass has low impact resistance, cracking or shattering easily upon impact. Certain types of glass, such as tempered glass or heat-strengthened glass, are manufactured to create high-impact resistance values. 4. Chemical Resistance and Fire Resistance Glass is highly resistant to chemical reactions and can withstand the effect of the chemical reaction under different environmental conditions or acidic effects. In the case of fire, heat-treated glasses can stop the spread of flames into adjoining spaces, significantly blocking smoke and toxic gases from burning furniture and materials. 5. Recyclability Glass as a material is 100% recyclable. It does not degrade during the recycling process and can be recycled again and again without loss of quality or purity.  Recycled glass  helps conserve energy by reducing emissions and consumption of raw materials. 6. Color and shape It can be blown, drawn, and pressed into any color, shape, and variety depending on its use, dimensional requirements, and safety requirement. PROPERTIES OF GLASS

5. Glass Manufacturing Manufacturing of glass consists of following high level steps Melting Pot furnace Tank furnace Forming and shaping Annealing Finishing

6. GLASS MANUFACTURING

7. MELTING Raw materials in proper proportions (sand, soda ash and lime stone ) are mixed and finely powdered The homogenous mixture known as Batch is fused with some broken glass , called “ Cullet ” in any of the two types of furnaces The homogeneous mixture is melted either in Pot furnace or Tank furnace The batch melts and fuses at 1800 o C

8. Melting: Pot furnace Hot Gases A B D C Hot Air Figure showing Pot furnace Two types of pots are used Open crucible type pot Closed covered type pot Generally closed covered type pot is used Pot is placed in a circle around a central opening in its bottom  Heated by burning producer gas and air Roof of the pot is constructed with refractory material which also reflects the heat Also called as batch process

9. Melting: Tank Furnace Molten g l as s Burning fuel gas A B C D Air Fue l g as Fuel gases Fuel gas and air being heated by hot checker work The “batch” is melted in the tank using producer gas and air It f ol l o w s “ r e ge n e ra t ive sy s t e m o f he a t economy” Air and f u el i s passes thr o ugh A & B The burnt gases are deflected by the roof and “batch” gets melted Hot waste gas escapes through firebricks C & D The direction of the fuel gas & air is reversed through C & D , which absorbs the heat of the waste gas and burns The was t e gas n o w es c apes thr o ugh A & B Figure showing tank furnace

10. Melting : Chemical reactions Cullet melts at relatively low temperature and assists in melting of rest of the charge During the melting process following reactions occur The molten mass is heated till its free from air bubbles For colored gases desired pigment is added The molten mass is then cooled at about 800 o C at later point of time CaCO 3 + SiO 2 CaSiO 3 + CO 2 Na 2 CO 3 + SiO 2 Na 2 SiO 3 + CO 2 F o r m i n g & S h api n g, An n e a li n g and Fi n is h i n g Molten gas is converted to desired shape by blowing or molding or pressing between rollers - “Forming and Shaping” Articles are then cooled gradually at room temperature. - “Annealing” The longer the annealing period better the quality of glass After annealing, the articles are subjected to cleaning, polishing, cutting, sand blasting etc., - “Finishing”

11. Typ e s o f Glass Use d for Glazing Glass plays an essential role in the facade. A facade is a special type of wall. It separates inside from outside. Glass is a uniform material, a solidified liquid. By its property of transparency it opens up our buildings to the outside world. In modern architecture there is tendency to open up our buildings by using very large facades that are as transparent as possible. In the external wall, glass can be used as a curtain wall or structural glazing. Glass is not essentially transparent. They are available in several opacities and various textures and finishes.

12. • • • • BASIC TYPES OF GLASS fl oa t g l a s s sh ee t g l a s s p att er n e d gla s s w i r e d g l a s s MODIFIED VARIETIES OF GLASS R e fl ec tiv e g l a s s Insu lati n g g l a s s S af e t y g l a s s - Lam i n at e d s afet y gla s s - T o u g h e n e d s af e t y gla s s Gl a s s b r i c k s T i n t e d gla ss , e t c …

13. F L O A T G L A S S Most widely used type of glass Monolithic and highly transparent Produced by flowing molten glass over a bath of molten tin and slowly cooling . Has uniform thickness, flatness and excellent optical quality. Manufactured in two main varieties, i.e.; clear and tinted. Us e d i n m i rror s , window s , curtai n wal l s a n d doors. float glass can be toughened, a process that creates safety glass out of annealed glass. A v aila b l e i n th i ckn e s s es 2 - 1 9 mm Can be coloured during manufacturing.

14. SHEET GLASS There are three different kind of sheet glasses: Annealed flat glass Processed flat glass Misc.glass A c t u a l c o l o r g r ee n ( o r s om e t i m e s b l ue ) . Sizes available: 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm , 8mm , 10 mm , 12 mm , 15m m a n d 19 mm . Uses: windows, shelves, large size doors and table tops PRIZE: Thickness Cost 4-6mm Rs 53/sqm 8-12mm Rs 63/sqm

15. PATTERNED GLASS Sometimes referred to as “figured” or “rolled” glass. Has a pattern or texture impressed on one or both sides in the process of rolling. This glass surface has a patterned decorative design which provide t ra nslu c e n c y a n d so m e d e g ree s o f obsc u ri t y . Patterns are classified as decorative or glazing i.e., used primarily for their functional properties. USES: Decorative glazing of windows, bathroom partitions, door. Is difficult to clean as dust settles between the crevices T h ic kn e s s : 4 mm , 6 mm, Sizes: 2140 x 1280 mm, 2140 x 1320 mm respectively.

16. WIRED GLASS Fine twisted hexagonal wire netting or mesh inserted during the process of rolling. May be patterned, smooth rolled or ground and polished. U s e d p r i m ar il y i n f i r e r ate d windows, doors, sk y li gh t s a n d a pp licati on s requiring a safety glazing material. When broken, loose pieces of glass are held by the wire netting. Georgian wire mesh, 13mm provided. T h ic kn es s : 5 to 7 mm. Size : 330 x 183 m m .

17. REFLECTIVE GLASS Coa t ing o f a m e ta l c o m poun d a pp lie d o n on e s urf ac e b y c h e m ic a l deposi t ion. R eflect s li gh t a n d s o la r h ea t May be applied on any type of glass and thickness upto half an inch Uses: principally used in curtain wall glazing and structural glazing, train windows(AC compartments), doors and windows of commercial buildings, partitions and internal wall cladding. Disadvantages: Causes light pollution and is hazardous to traffic. Thickness Cost 4-6mm Rs 53/sqm 8-12mm Rs 63/sqm

18. INSULATING GLASS Factory assembled unit consisting of two or more panes of glass separated by air spaces. Moisture proof The periphery of the air spaces is hermetically sealed. • Th e re a r e t w o t y p e s o f s u c h sea l e d uni t s : - Organic seal type: Two or more panes of glass separated by air spaces sealed at their edges with an organic seal. - Glass edge type: Two sheets of clear single strength or double strength glass fused together at their edges enclosing a nominal 3/16 inches air space. This type of glass is not produced with multiple air spaces.

19. SAFETY GLASS Developed basically for vehicular purposes where safety from fracture of glass is a major concern. Requirement of uninterrupted vision rules out the use of wired glass. I s o f t w o t y p es - Laminated safety glass Toughened safety glass

20. LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS Made in the form of a sandwich consisting of an interlayer of transparent plastic material such as celluloid between two sheets of plate or sheet glass. Celluloid placed between sheets already coated with gelatin and specially prepared enamel. Adhesion achieved by applying considerable heat and pressure. When one or both sheets of this composite material are broken the glass adheres to the inter layer so that there is no danger from the flying fragments

21. TOUGHENED SAFETY GLASS Pieces of sheet or plate glass suspended in electric furnace until soft a n d s udd en l y co o led b y b l o w i n g ai r o n bo t h s id es . Fragments have no cutting edge. Toughened glass withstands a dead load more than four times that of ordinary glass. Additional compressive stresses in the surfaces makes the glass stronger. Can safely accommodate high tensile forces due to the pre-stress. Fracture can occur once the pre-stress has been exceeded.

22. GLASS BRICKS These are hollow glass units or blocks of glass shaped to work as bricks Joined with the help of silicon sealants to obtain seamless finish The two outer, exposed surfaces may be smooth or textured. Glass blocks can be coloured and have decorated surfaces. Walls of glass blocks meeting fire resistance are also possible. Found in Indonesian, Sri Lankan, Chinese, USA,German varieties Srilankan and Indonesian varieties: Rs80 European clear: Rs350/pc European coloured: Rs450/pc Chinese clear: Rs52/pc Chinese coloured: Rs152/pc

23. TINTED GLASS Manufactured by adding a dye at the molten glass stage Used to minimize solar heat gain and glare while it also absorbs heat. Available in grey, bronze, green, blue and blue/green Allows for increased control of comfort and energy usage Si z e s ava il a bl e : Grey and Bronze - Blue Green B l u e / G re e n 4 mm , 5 mm , 6 mm , 8 mm , a n d 1 mm 6mm 5 mm, 6 mm, a n d 10 m m 6 m m a n d 10 m m Thickness Rate/sq ft (Rs.) 3mm 22 4mm 30 5mm 35 6mm 38 8mm 70 10mm 90

24. VIDEO LINKS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6hNFuaV7ro&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOwk2QIfDqY&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxW7pPKG0Mg