Types of biofertilizers

It contains the different biofertilizer types.

1. WELCOME

2. K.K.Wagh College of Agriculture, Nashik -03. Department of Plant Pathology

3. Name of Student :- Mr. Tushar Shivaji Deshmukh Reg.no.:- AKN-2014/25 Course Title :- Bio-fertilizer Production. Course no. :- AEL PATH-487. Guide Teacher:- Prof. N.B. Bhoknal

4. TOPIC : Types AS BIOFERTILIZE R Trichoderma Azotobacter BGA PSB CFU Rhizobium

5. What is Bio-fertilizer !! Biofertilizers are the carrier based microbial inoculent containing live or latent efficient strain of microorganism to the tune of 10 5 to 10 8 cells per gram of carrier , responsible for fixation of atmospheric nitrogen , phosphate solubilization , organic matter decomposition & sulphur oxidation when applied to seed , soil or seedling. They enhance the crop growth , productivity and soil fertility.

6. CONCEPT & NEED 1. Improving physical &chemical nature of the soil. 2. Adding organic matter in the soil. 3. Solubilising insoluble nutrient materials. 4. Increasing the availability & utilization of nutrients. 5. Secrets the growth hormones. 6. Induced the disease resistance in crops. 7. Germination percentage of seed increases. 8. Inducing flowering & fruiting of crop. 9. Reduced input cost & increase the crop production 6

7. RHIZOBIUM AZOSPIRILLUM VA-MYCORRHIZA BLUE GREEN ALGAE AZOTOBACTER PSB Types Of Bio-fertilizer

8. RHIZOBIUM: Rhizobia are special bacteria that can live in the soil or in nodules formed on the roots of legumes. In root nodules, they form a symbiotic association with the legume, obtaining nutrients from the plant and producing nitrogen in a process called biological nitrogen fixation, or BNF. The Rhizobia are broadly classified as fast- or slow-growing based on their growth on laboratory media. eg. Brady Rhizobium Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizers

9. The microorganisms were first isolated and cultured from nodules of a number of different legume species by Martinus Beijerinck ( 1888 ) of Holland.

10. The Rhizobium colony are fast growing, whitish, water soaked, slightly transperent, shiny in nature. IDENTIFICATION

11. AZOLLA Azolla floats on the surface of water by means of numerous, small, closely overlapping scale-like leaves, with their roots hanging in the water. They form a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae , which fixes atmospheric nitrogen, giving the plant access to the essential nutrients.

12. AZOTOBACTER: Azotobacter species are Gram-negative, aerobic soil-dwelling bacteria. They are typically polymorphic, i.e. of different sizes and shapes. Their size of the cells ranges from 2-10 µm long and 1-2 µm wide. Azotobacter is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium, which is used as a biofertilizer in the cultivation of most crops.  

13. Identification -

14. APPLICATION OF AZOTOBACTER: A plant needs nitrogen for its growth and Azotobacter fixes atmospheric nitrogen non-symbiotically. Therefore, all plants, trees, vegetables, get benefited. Azotobacter also increases germination of seeds by 20-30%. It is applied in set inoculation @ 8-10 packets per 10kg soil.

15. AZOSPIRILLUM Azospirillum is a Gram negative motile bacteria associated with roots of monocots. Several strains of Azospirillum were shown to exert beneficial effects on plant growth and crop yields, under various soil and climatic conditions, and are thus qualified as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Used for vegetable crops through seed treatment, pasting of eye buds, etc.

16. Identification - White, solid & soft growth of Azospirillum

17. ACETOBACTER It is an endotrophic micro-organism capable of living inside the plant tissues. It can live in high sugar levels that exists in sugarcane tissues. It is a symbiotic bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen by living within the sugar plant. Use of Acetobacter increases the crop production in large scale.

18. BEIJERINCKIA Free-living, aerobic and non-symbiotic bacteria with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen present in rhizoshere of crops and in acid soil. It is slow growing organism. fix nitrogen at pH 3.0-4.0 The colonies of Beijerinckia are round in shape, wrinkled, flat and raised. It is used for monocots. It is applied @ 250gm per 10kg of seeds.

19. BGA can play important role in Fixing of atmospheric nitrogen particularly in paddy fields. BGA biofertilizers is applied by broadcasting the algal mass in standing water to level of 2.5 cm in paddy field after 1 week of transplantation. BLUE GREEN ALGAE

20. PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA : These are the microorganisms which solubilize fixed phosphorus in soil and make available to plants. phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers are prepared from phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB) or fungi(PSF). Phosphate solubilizers include- Pseudomonas striata, Bacillus polymixa, etc. Fungal isolates- Aspergillus niger ,Penicillium digitatum,etc.

21. Identification -

22. ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSERS They are cellulolytic microbes, which decompose organic waste rapidly and yield good qualiy compost. Fungi belonging to the genera Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc effectively decompose organic matter. The bacteria belonging to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, etc are known as efficient organic matter decomposers

23. 500 g grain based decomposing culture is sufficient for one metric ton of organic residues.

24. Store bio-fertilizers in cool place at room temperature Bio-fertilizer should not contact with insecticide , pesticide ,chemical fertilizer during storage & application Bio-fertilizer should be used before expiry date. Storage & use of bio-fertilizer should be avoided in direct sunlight. Specific inoculant is used for specific crop PRECAUTIONS DURING USE OF BIOFERTILIZERS:

25. 1) It fixes various nutrients like Nitrogen , Phosphorus , Sulphur and various micro nutrients in soil 2) It maintains soil health 3) It is pollution free input 4) It secretes hormones and growth regulators helps in higher crop production 5) It has low cost hence affordable to any class of farmer 6) It helps quick decomposition of organic matter 7) It reduces crop diseases due to secretion of antibiotics 8) It is easy to apply Advantages of biofertilizers :-

26. Biofertilizer help in increasing crop productivity B iofertilizer replace 25-30% of chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers can be applied through seed treatment, seedling inoculation, set inoculation, seed pelleting. Carrier based biofertilizer commercialized on large scale. CONCLUSION :

27. Reference - Biofertilizer : commercial production technology & quality control - by Somani L.L. Website- www.agriinfo.in

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