TYPES OF EVIDENCE WITH A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE IN ANALYZING AND
EVALUTIING VALIDTY OF EVIDENCE
objectives analyze detective scenarios, identify relevant clues, and draw
logical conclusions based on the evidence presented.
demonstrate their understanding of evidence relevance in
critical thinking and argumentation by associating specific
gestures with different types of evidence.
develop empathy, open-mindedness, and appreciation for
diverse viewpoints in critical discussions01 02 03
MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY!MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY! Before the discussion, the students will embark on an exciting journey to solve
mysterious cases and uncover hidden secrets. Their keen observation skills, and critical
thinking will be put to the test as they follow the trail of clues and unravel the mysteries
that await them. They should get ready to become the best student detectives ever.
MOTIVATIONAL
ACTIVITY! Example: False Marriage
A young couple is sleeping in bed.
1. Where can you tell that these two
people are couple?
2. Who do you think is cheating?
3. What is the evidence of cheating?
4. Have you found anything unusual?
MOTIVATIONAL
ACTIVITY! 1. Where can you tell they are a
married couple?
2. How many years have they been
married?
3. The wife prepared a surprise for her
husband, what is it?
4. The husband is cheating. What could
be the evidence of it?
MOTIVATIONAL
ACTIVITY! 1. Witness said it was an accidental death. Why
did she say that?
2. The police said that the witness was wrong.
Why?
3. It turns out that there were two people
who worked overtime yesterday. How could
they say so?
4. Forensic evidence determined that the cause
of death of the victim was poisoning. Why?
5. The police finally determined that the
witness was the murderer. Why?
What is EVIDENCE? Evidence is the available body of facts or information indicating whether a
belief or proposition is true or valid.
Evidence is anything that can be used to prove something is true or
not.
Statistical Testimonial
Use of celebrities is the core of
this second type of evidence.
However, experts and authorities
can also be used to collect
testimonial evidence.
Example: Heart Evangelista, a well-
known actress and fashion buff,
recommends that Olay lotion is
good on our skin.
It is known as the strongest type
of evidence. It comes in a form of
number, percentage, or surveyed
type data.
Example: 75% of women in Tayabas
City…
8 out of 10 pediatricians
recommend…
16 members of the legislative
agreed upon…
Anecdotal Analogical
It is regarded as the weakest
evidence. When information about
something is scarce and little is
known, analogical evidence is often
used in formal argument to increase
credibility of the proof.
Example: If we are going to ban
firearms, we should also ban cars
because they cause many more
deaths than firearms do.
It is often dismissed as
untrustworthy and meaningless.
When the speaker does
storytelling, anecdotal evidence is
utilized.
Example: After living for decades
in Quezon, I can honestly say that
the people there are kind and
hospitable.
A step by step guide Identify the
point/claim the author
is trying to prove.
Identify specific facts,
data, statistics,
examples that support
the point.
Explain how the pieces
of evidence are
related to the claim.
Analyzing and evaluating the validity of evidence
argumentation SPECIFICITY RELEVANCE
point/claim evidence type of
evidence 01 We should set a limit to our game time. In my experience, spending so
much on computer games prevents me from submitting my modules on
time which resulted to failing grades. 02
In my experience, spending so much on computer
games prevents me from submitting my modules
on time which resulted to failing grades. 03
Anecdotal Evidence
We should set a limit in playing
computer games.
LEARNING TASK 1: The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's
laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with
different types of evidence, the student will interact with the
corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is
statistical, “the scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical
evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. Students who actively
participate in school clubs
and organizations have, on
average, a 20% higher academic
performance compared to
those who do not.
The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. According to WHO, about 16
million girls between ages
15-19 and around 1 million
girls under 15 give birth each
year
The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. The Philippine poverty rate
decreased from 23.3% in 2015 to
16.7% in 2018 and is expected to
decline further in the
following years.
The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. I have seen my classmate
struggle from discrimination. It
breaks my heart to see people
mistreat them because they look
different. We must stop
discrimination and start looking
at each other equally. The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. This weight loss product
is very effective. I have
been using it for only
weeks and I can already
see the results.
The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. The human brain functions like
a sophisticated computer
processor, processing
information, storing memories,
and executing tasks with
remarkable efficiency
The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. During a recent visit to the
park, I witnessed a stranger
paying for an elderly woman's
meal, spreading smiles and
warmth all around.
The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. Teaching a child to ride a
bicycle is akin to nurturing a
seedling into a flourishing
plant – both require patience,
guidance, and gradual growth
to achieve a successful outcome.
The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. A medical study found that
80% of patients reported
significant pain reduction
following a specific
treatment
The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
LEARNING TASK 1: make the “nae-nae” move if the
evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is
testimonial, “running man”
move if it is anecdotal, and do
the “gento” move if it is
analogical evidence. Last summer, my cousin
attended a leadership
workshop in Manila and shared
that the experience
significantly improved their
communication skills during
public speaking engagements The student will perform a specified activity using the teacher's laptop to click on the given hyperlinks. When presented with different
types of evidence, the student will interact with the corresponding action: make the “nae-nae” move if the evidence is statistical, “the
scissors” move if it is testimonial, “running man” move if it is anecdotal, and do the “gento” move if it is analogical evidence.
SUPPORT YOUR
CLAIM! In this activity, the class will be divided into four groups:
there will be two debate topics. The topic for the debate
will be given in advance, and the debate will consist of five
rounds.
1st round - Anecdotal Evidence: Share relevant anecdotes
or specific examples to strengthen your position.
2nd round - Testimonial Evidence: Provide evidence through
testimonies.
SUPPORT YOUR
CLAIM! 3rd round - Analogical Evidence: Draw comparisons to similar
situations or cases to back your claim.
4th round - Statistical Evidence: Present arguments
supported by statistical data and facts.
Last round - Final Persuasion: This round will be an opportunity
for both teams to make their concluding statements without
any interruptions.
topics:
Is the death penalty an
effective deterrent to
crime? (Group 1 vs 3)
Should abortion be legal and
accessible to all women?
(Group 2 vs 4)