Types-of-Tourism/Global perspectives.ppt

Global perspectives

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An introduction to some of the types of
tourism in the industry.
Types of Tourism

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This presentation will look at a few different types of
tourism and their characteristics.
1.Mass Tourism
2.Cuisine tourism
3.Adventure tourism
4.Cruise ships
5.Eco-tourism
Introduction

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They are all quite different from each other, and yet they
all share common elements.
As you learn about them, ask questions, such as:
1.What impacts on the
environment or host country
does this type of tourism have?
2.What elements have the most
effect on this type of tourism?
Introduction

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Mass tourism is when there is a very high number of
tourists visiting a region over a sustained period of time.
Mass tourism really became
popular with cheap flights to
popular destinations in the
1980s, and the package tour
phenomenon.
Corsica, a popular tourist destination.
Image: Pinpin
1. Mass Tourism

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The tourism industry supports large numbers of tourists,
if there is the infrastructure to cope, as tourism brings in
a lot of money.
However, others argue the damage to the environment
and the local culture is unsustainable in the long term.
Viewpoint:
Pope John Paul II has branded mass tourism the new
form of exploitation and dismissed tourist villages as
places where visitors lack "any real contact with the
culture of the place".
This BBC link has a good list of viewpoints regarding mass tourism.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/talking_point/1468503.stm
1. Mass Tourism

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The beach at Ibiza, Spain.
The influx of tourists has meant that locals often leave during summer to
avoid the crowds.
You often have to pay an hourly rental for a space on the beach in which to
lie down and sunbathe.
1. Mass Tourism

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For mass tourism Against mass tourism
1. Mass Tourism
Tourists stay in a
controlled area and
do certain activities.
They bring a lot of
money to one area
in a short space of
time.
It provides good
jobs and money for
the region.
Its not really an
authentic visit.
The damage to the
environment can be
severe.
The cultural aspects
of the host are
cheapened.
Tourism in such big
numbers can change
the local culture.

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Tourists climbing over the walls of Angkor Wat.
Image courtesy of Ron Gluckman
1. Mass Tourism

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Mass tourism
occurs most
often at these
places
Beaches
Specific Natural
Attractions
Specific
Cultural
Attractions
Theme parks
Are there any other places, times or events where
tourists flock to ‘en mass’?
Sporting
events
1. Mass Tourism

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Attracting tourists to a region for the food and
drink is cuisine tourism, and it’s a growing niche
market in the industry.
If you’re not known for your beaches or ski fields, drawing tourists in
for the food and drink can be a big bonus.
2. Cuisine Tourism

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Wine festivals, food festivals, chocolate fairs, beer-
tasting galas…its all designed to promote local cuisine
and bring the tourists in.
Hokitika’s Wild Food
Festival, New Zealand.
Image Wildfoods festival.
Festival goers at a concert at the
Marlborough Wine Festival, New Zealand.
Image: Marlborough Wine Festival.
2. Cuisine Tourism

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When tourists descend on a town for a food and wine festival,
there needs to be accommodation, other activities to occupy
them and ongoing marketing of the products, otherwise the
tourists may just ‘taste and then forget’.
Many regions have marked out ‘food and
wine trails’ for tourists to follow. Is your region
or town known for any special food or drink?
2. Cuisine Tourism
Bungaberg Rum distillery in Queensland,
Australia.

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Judging durians, and a ‘Durian king’, from the 2006 World Durian
Festival in Thailand. Images: Shunyam Nirav
2. Cuisine Tourism

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This is another big area of
tourism (although maybe
not as big as you may
imagine).
It is an area where New
Zealand has successfully
marketed itself as the
‘adventure playground’ of
the south.
Jumping off the Kawarau Bridge,
Queenstown.
Image: Mombas
3. Adventure Tourism

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In your opinion, what is adventure?
Is it just sport or physical activity or could it
be something else?
Why do you think some tourists want
adventure, whilst others don’t?
What kind of tourist likes to take risks?
Crossing the road in Dakar,
Senegal can be very
dangerous…
3. Adventure Tourism

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What kind of
adventure
comes to your
mind when you
hear of these
places…
Queenstown
Grand Canyon
Malaysia
Sunshine Coast,
Queensland
Las
Vegas
Phuket,
Thailand
3. Adventure Tourism

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Aspects of the Adventure tourism industry:
Accidents and Risk
When there is an
accident and a tourist
gets hurt or killed, the
whole industry can
suffer.
Environmental Dependence
Some activities, such as
skiing, are very dependant on
the weather or the
environmental conditions.
Expensive, labour-intensive
Setting up a tour group to go
caving can mean one staff
member for 8 people and lots
of gear. Whereas visiting a
museum can be one staff
member for 40 people and little
equipment needed.
Operator skill level
The operators in adventure
tourism need to have high skill
levels and training.
3. Adventure Tourism

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Discuss what’s going on in these images in terms of the elements
and aspects of adventure tourism.
On safari in Africa…
3. Adventure Tourism

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The Pacific Princess, 1987
This form of tourism is currently
enjoying a resurgence of popularity.
4. Cruise Ships

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The Carnival Princess, 2007, the world’s largest ocean-going liner
Tonnage:110,000 gross tonsLength:952 feet (290 meters)
Beam:116 feet (35 meters)Decks:13
Complement:2,974 passengers, 1,150 crew
4. Cruise Ships

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The Prinsendam at Port in Warnemunde.
Image: Darkone.
Cruise ships visit ports and disgorge their passengers for
only a short time, but they also refuel with food and other
items, thus injecting lots of money into port towns.
There are many criticisms of
cruise ships:
4. Cruise Ships
They are just floating
pleasure hotels.
They cause
environmental damage at
sea.
The tourists rarely engage
with locals.
They are just for the very
rich.
What do you think?

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Can anything go wrong with a cruise ship holiday?
Diseases or just something like
a tummy bug can be quick and
easy to spread on board a ship.
Storms and other hazards (like
icebergs) at sea.
Passengers can also suffer
boredom or not get along with
each other.
Hazards, like a fire on
board the ship are not
uncommon.
What kind of tourist takes a cruise trip? Would
you?
4. Cruise Ships

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Eco-tourism places a high value on the preservation of, and
interaction with, the natural environment. It also seeks to educate
the tourist about the local environment.
In the 21
st
Century this
has been a growth niche
area of the tourism
industry.
Ping Ping the Polar Bear at Sea World.
Is Sea World on the Gold Coast ‘eco-tourism’?
5. Eco-tourism

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Ecotourism can
involve some of
these characteristics
Tourists may volunteer in
local conservation
projects.
All the activities in
a certified
ecotourism venture
have little or no
impact on the
environment.
There is often a high
level of tourist
education.
Local culture is often
very involved and
highly respected.
The primary attractions are the
wildlife, flora and natural
environment in an unaltered
state.
5. Eco-tourism

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Watching Gnus and Zebras in a Kenyan
Reserve
Whale watching off the coast of
Maine, USA.
Which of these
activities has less
impact on the
environment and
the wildlife?
5. Eco-tourism

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There has been some criticism of
ecotourism:
‘Greenwashing’
This is where tourism
companies just appear to
look environmentally friendly,
but they’re not really.
Ownership
Ownership of many ecotourism
ventures in developing
countries is by foreign
multinationals, so the locals do
not share in the profits.
Overcrowding
Remote places that are then
marketed as being
‘ecotourism’ become crowded
as more and more people
want to visit them.
5. Eco-tourism

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The Milford Track in the
South Island of New
Zealand is a good
example of a highly-
regulated ecotourism
venture.
For the 54 km of the track, there is
a set number of hikers allowed,
(only 90 per day in summer) they
have to travel in the same direction
and are prohibited from camping on
the trail.
They have to take no more than 3
days.
5. Eco-tourism – The Milford Track

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The track’s accommodation huts have self-composting toilets, solar
powered showers and they blend in with the environment
aesthetically.
Tourists who want to walk the track are encouraged to go on a guided
tour, although they can walk it independently. Tourists are not allowed to
litter and even carrying tissues is frowned upon.
Mt Sheerdown Peak Mossy forest tracks
5. Eco-tourism – The Milford Track

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1.This presentation has given you five examples of types of
tourism that exist in the industry. Can you name them?
2.Which type of tourism has the least involvement by a tourist?
3.Which type of tourism would have the most negative impact
on a natural environment?
4.Which type of tourism exists in your region?
5.Discuss how (and why) locals may not benefit from some
types of tourism that occurs in their region.
Revision
Class survey:
Find out what kinds of tourists your classmates are. If you
were given $2000 to spend on a holiday, which type of
tourism would you choose.

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Ron Gluckman (www.gluckman.com)
BBC (www.bbc.co.uk)
Marlborough Wine Festival (www.wine-marlborough-
festival.co.nz)
Wildfoods Festival (www.wildfoods.co.nz)
Tourism Queensland (www.tq.com.au )
Wikimedia Creative Commons
References