Typology of the scriptures, lecture notes.ppt

Typology

1. BIB413 BIBLICAL EXEGESIS IBIB413 BIBLICAL EXEGESIS I
TYPOLOGYTYPOLOGY

2. In the Bible God often speaks in shadows.In the Bible God often speaks in shadows.
Colossians 2:16-17 Colossians 2:16-17 Therefore do not let Therefore do not let
anyone judge you by what you eat or drink, anyone judge you by what you eat or drink,
or with regard to a religious festival, a New or with regard to a religious festival, a New
Moon celebration or a Sabbath day. 17 Moon celebration or a Sabbath day. 17
These are a shadow of the things These are a shadow of the things that were that were
to come; the reality, however, is found in to come; the reality, however, is found in
Christ. Christ.

3. Hebrews 8:5 Hebrews 8:5 They serve at a sanctuary They serve at a sanctuary
that is a copy and shadow of what is in that is a copy and shadow of what is in
heaven. heaven. This is why Moses was warned This is why Moses was warned
when he was about to build the tabernacle: when he was about to build the tabernacle:
"See to it that you make everything "See to it that you make everything
according to the pattern shown you on the according to the pattern shown you on the
mountain." mountain."

4. A shadow is an outline of an object. Both the A shadow is an outline of an object. Both the
shadow and the object are real, however the shadow and the object are real, however the
shadow is a representations. Hence there is a shadow is a representations. Hence there is a
sense in which we may speak of the object as sense in which we may speak of the object as
more real – because it has dimensions and more real – because it has dimensions and
dynamics that the shadow does not. E. g. a dynamics that the shadow does not. E. g. a
shadow is not tangible, and in only two shadow is not tangible, and in only two
dimensional. A shadow is occasioned by the dimensional. A shadow is occasioned by the
object – hence does not have independent object – hence does not have independent
existence.existence.

5. The word “type” in theology comes from the The word “type” in theology comes from the
Greek word Greek word “tupos”“tupos” which means an imprint which means an imprint
John 20:25 John 20:25 The other disciples therefore The other disciples therefore
were saying to him, "We have seen the were saying to him, "We have seen the
Lord!" But he said to them, "Unless I shall Lord!" But he said to them, "Unless I shall
see in His hands the imprint see in His hands the imprint (tupos)(tupos) of the of the
nails, and put my finger into the place of the nails, and put my finger into the place of the
nails, and put my hand into His side, I will nails, and put my hand into His side, I will
not believe."not believe."

6. The Sanctuary services were types:The Sanctuary services were types:
Acts 7:44 Acts 7:44 "Our fathers had the tabernacle "Our fathers had the tabernacle
of testimony in the wilderness, just as He of testimony in the wilderness, just as He
who spoke to Moses directed who spoke to Moses directed him him to make it to make it
according to the pattern (according to the pattern (tupos)tupos) which he which he
had seen.had seen.

7. A type can be a person, an object, an event, A type can be a person, an object, an event,
or an institution.or an institution.
The thing that is represented by the type is The thing that is represented by the type is
called the antitype. Jesus, for example, is called the antitype. Jesus, for example, is
the antitype that is prefigured by the the antitype that is prefigured by the
sacrificial lamb. Jesus is also the antitype sacrificial lamb. Jesus is also the antitype
that is prefigured by priest, etc.that is prefigured by priest, etc.

8. Characteristics of typesCharacteristics of types
Types are historical, events, institution or Types are historical, events, institution or
persons – they are not a mythpersons – they are not a myth
Types pointed forward to a future time in Types pointed forward to a future time in
history.history.
They are always smaller than the reality They are always smaller than the reality
they portray. They were historical realities they portray. They were historical realities
that pointed forward to a greater (cosmic that pointed forward to a greater (cosmic
reality).reality).

9. Matthew 12:5-6 Matthew 12:5-6 Or haven't you read in the Or haven't you read in the
Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the
temple desecrate the day and yet are temple desecrate the day and yet are
innocent? 6 innocent? 6 I tell you that I tell you that one greater than one greater than
the temple is herethe temple is here..

10. Matthew 12:39-42 Matthew 12:39-42 He answered, "A wicked He answered, "A wicked
and adulterous generation asks for a and adulterous generation asks for a
miraculous sign! But none will be given it miraculous sign! But none will be given it
except the sign of the prophet Jonah. 40 except the sign of the prophet Jonah. 40
For as Jonah was three days and three For as Jonah was three days and three
nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son
of Man will be three days and three nights in of Man will be three days and three nights in
the heart of the earth. the heart of the earth.

11. 41 The men of Nineveh will stand up at the 41 The men of Nineveh will stand up at the
judgment with this generation and condemn judgment with this generation and condemn
it; for they repented at the preaching of it; for they repented at the preaching of
Jonah, and Jonah, and now one greater than Jonah is now one greater than Jonah is
here.here. 42 The Queen of the South will rise at 42 The Queen of the South will rise at
the judgment with this generation and the judgment with this generation and
condemn it; for she came from the ends of condemn it; for she came from the ends of
the earth to listen to Solomon's wisdom, the earth to listen to Solomon's wisdom, and and
now one greater than Solomon is here.now one greater than Solomon is here.

12. Guidelines in Interpreting TypesGuidelines in Interpreting Types
1. We must identify something as a type when 1. We must identify something as a type when
we have evidence from the NT that it is a type. we have evidence from the NT that it is a type.
If the NT identifies something/someone as a If the NT identifies something/someone as a
type we may then see further similarities but type we may then see further similarities but
we must be sure that we do not try to change we must be sure that we do not try to change
the antitype to fit the type. the antitype to fit the type.

13. 2. Take note of the specific points of 2. Take note of the specific points of
correspondence – the priests carrying Israel correspondence – the priests carrying Israel
into the presence of God. There may be into the presence of God. There may be
some features of the type which are not part some features of the type which are not part
of the typology. Do not force every aspect of of the typology. Do not force every aspect of
the type to somehow have meaning; you the type to somehow have meaning; you
might overstretch the meaning. might overstretch the meaning.

14. Exodus 28:11-13 Exodus 28:11-13 Engrave the names of Engrave the names of
the sons of Israel on the two stones the way the sons of Israel on the two stones the way
a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount
the stones in gold filigree settings 12 and the stones in gold filigree settings 12 and
fasten them on the shoulder pieces of the fasten them on the shoulder pieces of the
ephod as memorial stones for the sons of ephod as memorial stones for the sons of
Israel. Aaron is to bear the names on his Israel. Aaron is to bear the names on his
shoulders as a memorial before the LORD. shoulders as a memorial before the LORD.
13 Make gold filigree settings 13 Make gold filigree settings

15. Ephesians 1:20 Ephesians 1:20 which he exerted in Christ which he exerted in Christ
when he raised him from the dead and when he raised him from the dead and
seated him at his right hand in the heavenly seated him at his right hand in the heavenly
realms, realms,
Ephesians 2:6 Ephesians 2:6 And God raised us up with And God raised us up with
Christ and seated us with him in the Christ and seated us with him in the
heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, heavenly realms in Christ Jesus,

16. 3. Take note of specific points of differences – 3. Take note of specific points of differences –
they may be meaningful. The inadequacy of they may be meaningful. The inadequacy of
the type may be contrasted to the efficacy of the type may be contrasted to the efficacy of
the antitype. Be aware that type and the antitype. Be aware that type and
antitype might be designed to contrast in antitype might be designed to contrast in
some aspects.some aspects.

17. Hebrews 10:11-14 Hebrews 10:11-14 And every priest stands daily And every priest stands daily
ministering and offering time after time the same ministering and offering time after time the same
sacrifices, which can never take away sins; 12 but sacrifices, which can never take away sins; 12 but
He, having offered one sacrifice for sins for all He, having offered one sacrifice for sins for all
time, sat down at the right hand of God, 13 time, sat down at the right hand of God, 13
waiting from that time onward until His enemies be waiting from that time onward until His enemies be
made a footstool for His feet. 14 For by one made a footstool for His feet. 14 For by one
offering He has perfected for all time those who offering He has perfected for all time those who
are sanctified.are sanctified.

18. 4. Avoid trying to find meaning in the details, 4. Avoid trying to find meaning in the details,
except as you are guided by the NT.except as you are guided by the NT.
5. Understand that the antitype is bigger, 5. Understand that the antitype is bigger,
broader and better than the typebroader and better than the type
6. Types should be interpreted christologically 6. Types should be interpreted christologically
7. Types should be interpreted ecclesiologically.7. Types should be interpreted ecclesiologically.
8. Types should be interpreted eschatologically.8. Types should be interpreted eschatologically.