Branches of Anthropology Cultural Anthropology- the study of people with their variations and progress in terms of culture Linguistic Anthropology- the study of language Archeology= study of human culture through material remains.
Branches of Anthropology Biological Anthropology- Study of human as biological organism Applied Anthropology- Application of knowledge and skills in anthropology
Political Science Polis- City-state, Scire- to know Analysis of political system and behavior
Areas of Political Science Political Theory- accumulations of basic principle of the state Public Law- Control framework of public governance Public Administration- academic discipline for civil service
Areas of Political Science Political Dynamics- concerned with different societal forces that dictate political actions Government and business- regulatory and governmental function to business concerning national economy Legislature and Legislation- process of composition and organization of legislature
Areas of Political Science International Relations- includes nation-state foreign policy in their mutual ties International law- agreement and treaties that entails responsibilities of one state into another Comparative GOVERNMENT- studies and analyzes the general structure of governments of all countries
Importance of Political Science Understand the theories, concepts and knowledge Manifest state policies and laws to be abided Prepares for possible career path
Goal of Anthropology Internalize diversity Discover universality among human See cultural patterns objectively Produce new knowledge
Goal of Sociology Obtain knowledge on theories about society Examine social roles See interdependency Broaden familiarity on sociological facts
Goal of Political Science Understand civic skills Examine the operation of the government Equip of intellectual resources
Anthropology and Sociological Perspective on Culture and Society
Culture Connection of behavior patterns and perceptions Society Formed through interactions of organism within a group
Perspective on Culture Edward B. Taylor (Primitive Culture)- culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom and all aspect of man as a member of society.
Perspective on Culture Matthew Arnold- culture is a product of a special intellectual or artistic endeavor human invented Kroeber and Kluckhohn- culture is compose of behavior acquired and transmitted through symbols. Schwarts - culture is consists of human experiences
Aspect of Culture DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE AND ADAPTIVE- culture changes constantly throughout time SHARED AND CONTESTED- enjoyed by group of people who live together. LEARNED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION- It is practice through continued process
Aspect of Culture PATTERNED SOCIAL INTERACTIONS- create behavior and patterned social interaction. INTEGRATED AND AT TIME UNSTABLE- always functioning and must maintain its component integrated TRANSMITTED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION
Aspect of Culture REQUIRES LANGUAGE AND OTHER FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
Types of Culture Material Culture Food Clothing and Fashion Buildings and Properties Arts and Technology Non-Material Culture Ideas and Knowledge Beliefs and Tradition Symbols and Languages Behavior Religion
Types of Culture Norms- Standard of an expected behavior within a society. Formal Norms - Mores- norms that has a firm control to moral and ethical behavior - Laws- enacted to protect people Informal Norms - Folkways/Customs- less important but still influence behavior
Types of Culture Symbols- anything that carry a meaning recognized by people Values- standards as goodness that serves as guideline for social living Beliefs- statements that people hold to be true Languages- forms of communication words either spoken or gestured Taboos- norms that are crucial to society moral center, always negatively sanction
Theoretical Perspective on Society Herbert Spencer- societies is more on survival and primarily based on the concept of natural law. Karl Marx- Social evolution as a way to stop social conflict Emile Durkheim- societies is a harmonization of individuals, organization and social institution George Herbert Mead- symbolic interactionalism as viewpoint of society
Theoretical Perspective on Society Erving Goffman- used dramaturgical analysis, where society is like a theater Charles Horton-Cooley- conceptualized looking glass self theory where he believe how one view oneself is not an isolated events but rather includes others.
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