UCSP Lesson-1NATURE, GOALS, PERSPECTIVE.pptx

UCSP

1. LESSON 1 Discussing the Nature, Goals and Perspectives in/of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science Prepared by Frezielle P. Layno

2. Content Summary I. Learning Competency 1. Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science.

3. Nature  The fundamental and inherent qualities/characteristics Goals  Aim, objective  The end toward which effort is directed Perspective  An approach to understanding through a scientific lens ( set of theories, ideas, concepts)  Invites us to look at our familiar surroundings in a fresh way which can be explored across disciplines

4. Branches of anthropology:  Cultural Anthropology  Physical/Biological Anthropology  Archaeology  Linguistic Anthropology  Social Anthropology

5. Branches of anthropology:  Cultural Anthropology -Studies about societies and elements of human life. It focuses on the understanding of the cultural aspect of human societies

6. Branches of anthropology:  Physical/Biological Anthropology -examines the biological development of humans.

7. Branches of anthropology:  Archaeology -studies past human societies through material remains.

8. Branches of anthropology:  Linguistic Anthropology -investigate the role of language in social life.

9. Branches of anthropology:  Social Anthropology - Studies how social patterns and practices and cultural variations develop across different societies.

10. of Anthropology - Describe and analyze the biological evolution of mankind. - Describe and assess the cultural development of our species. - Describe, explain and analyze the present-day human cultural similarities and differences. - Describe and explain human biological diversity day. References: https://www.slideshare.net/victorsinangote/323989810-ucsphandouts Page 8 Atienza, et. al. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.

11. PERSPECTIVES of Anthropology - are focus on culture, cultural relativism, fieldwork , human diversity, holism, and bio-cultural. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ucspm1pptx/261929941

12. PERSPECTIVES of Anthropology 1. Comparative or cross-cultural studies - understand human diversity by studying diverse cultures.

13. PERSPECTIVES of Anthropology 2. HOLISM - view culture as a complex web of interdependent and interconnected values, beliefs, traditions, and practices that shape the way people live and interact with one another.

14. PERSPECTIVES of Anthropology 3 . Cultural Relativism - must suspend your own cultural biases and avoid making value judgments about the beliefs and practices of the people you are studying.

15. PERSPECTIVES of Anthropology 4. Historical/Evolutionary Theory - studies both the biological and the cultural evolution of humans, past and present.

16. Renowned Anthropologists Franz Boas - Father of American anthropology; a physicist. - gave modern anthropology its rigorous scientific methodology - originated the notion of "culture" as learned behaviors.

17. Renowned Anthropologists Alfred Kroeber & William Henry Morgan – became prominent in the field since their specialization included championing indigenous rights, like cultural preservation and ancestral domain of the American Indian tribes they intensively study •

18. Renowned Anthropologists Edward Burnett Tylor – declared that culture is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, l aw, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Tylor is credited with the establishment of anthropology as a scientific discipline and his groundbreaking work was highly influential in the development of cultura evolution as the foundation for anthropologic studies.

19. Ruth Benedict - a specialist in Anthropology and folklore and authored one of three famous books utilized in the academic scene for reference purposes known as the patterns of culture • Margaret Mead - an American anthropologist best know for her studies of the peoples of Oceania. She also commented on a wi array of societal issues, such as women’s rights, nuclear proliferation, race relations, environmental pollution, and world hung

20. Bronislaw Malinowski – the founding father of central ethnography or the ethnographic approach • Ethnographic Approach – emphasizes the ethnographer’s first-hand experiences going to society and conducting a formal interview

21. https://sociology.case.edu/what-is-sociology/

22. Branches of sociology:  Social organization  Social Psychology  Applied sociology  Population studies  Human Ecology

23. Of Sociology - Understand ourselves better and mankind. - Help with decision making, both own and that of larger organizations. - Gather systematic information from which to make a decision, provide insights into what is going on in a situation and present alternatives. References: https://www.slideshare.net/victorsinangote/323989810-ucsphandouts Page 8 Atienza, et. al. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.

24. PERSPECTIVES of Sociology - These perspectives offer sociologists theoretical paradigms for explaining how society influences people, and vice versa. Each perspective uniquely conceptualizes society, social forces, and human behavior https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ucspm1pptx/261929941

25. PERSPECTIVES of Sociology 1. Symbolic Interactionism - directs sociologists to consider the symbols and details of everyday life, what these symbols mean, and how people interact with each other as defining features of society. The theory operates on the assumption that society is a stable and orderly system.

26. PERSPECTIVES of Sociology 2. Functionalist Perspective - each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a whole. The government, or state, provides education for the children of the family, which in turn pays taxes on which the state depends to keep itself running.

27. PERSPECTIVES of Sociology 3. Conflict Theory - The theory assumes that there is a constant power struggle among various social groups and institutions within society. Conflict theorists study the culture of “dominant classes” and analyse how this culture is imposed on other classes. The effective domination of this class facilitated by culture brings about social order.

28.  Reach the rules and laws governing the conduct of these phenomena and social relations  Understanding the nature of various social realities so that this society can draw up strategic plans, set goals and programs that will work to increase progress and raise society

29. Renowned Sociologist August Comte - is known as the founder of positivism and is credited with coining the term sociology. Comte helped shape and expand the field of sociology and placed a great deal of emphasis on his work on systematic observation and social order.

30. Renowned Sociologist Emile Durkheim - known as the "father of modern sociology". He is credited with making sociology a science. One of his most famous pieces of work is "Suicide: A Study In Sociology," and another important work of his that focuses on how society functions and regulates itself is "The Division of Labor in Society.

31. Renowned Sociologist Karl Marx - was the forerunner of the conflict theory and wrote Communist Manifesto – a book that is focused on the misery of the lower class (working class) caused by the existing social order. His critical theories collectively understood as Marxism.

32. Renowned Sociologist C. Wright Mills - Calls it the sociological imagination which he defined as the “ vivid awareness between private experiences and the wider society”

33. Renowned Sociologist Peter Berger - Explains that the perspective of sociology enables us to see “ general patterns in particular events”

34. Renowned Sociologist Max Weber - German sociologist and political economist best known for his thesis of the “Protestant ethic,” relating Protestantism to capitalism, and for his ideas on bureaucracy.

35. Renowned Sociologist W.I. Thomas - American sociologist who formulated a theorem in 1928 which states : “ if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”

36. Branches of Political Science :  Political Theory  International Relations  Comparative Politics  Public Administration  Political Methodology  Political Economy

37. Of Political Science -Be immersed in current affairs and build an understanding on the local, national and international politics. -Learn how political activities are organized in and out of our country. -Provide substantially critical and scientific contribution to government and society. References: https://www.slideshare.net/victorsinangote/323989810-ucsphandouts Page 8 Atienza, et. al. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.

38. Of Political Science - Is concern with the process of growth, industrialization and change and the impact on government forms and policies. - To be able to describe how various political systems function, and to find more effective political systems. References: https://www.slideshare.net/victorsinangote/323989810-ucsphandouts Page 8 Atienza, et. al. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.

39. PERSPECTIVES of Political Science

40. Proponents Plato – used the term “ polis ” Aristotle – Father of Political Science Niccolo Machiavelli – Father of Modern Political Science Jean Bodin - a French political philosopher coined the term “ Political Science ”