UCSP Section A - Human Cultural Variations,Social Differences,social ChangeCopy.pptx

Human cultural variations, social differences, social change, and political identities highlight the diversity and complexity of societies. These concepts explain how people differ in culture, status, and beliefs, how societies evolve over time, and how individuals form political beliefs and affiliations based on their experiences and backgrounds.

1. UCSP

2. HUMAN CULTURAL VARIATIONS, SOCIAL DIFFERENCES, SOCIAL CHANGE, AND POLITICAL IDENTITIES

3. Culture - is the systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people.

4. Culture - is communication, communication is culture.

5. Culture - in its broadest sense is cultivated behavior; that is the totality of a person's learned, accumulated experience which is socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior through social learning

6. Culture - is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

7. Culture - is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

8. Culture -  is symbolic communication. Some of its symbols include a group's skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and motives. The meanings of the symbols are learned and deliberately perpetuated in a society through its institutions.

9. Culture - is the sum of total of the learned behavior of a group of people that are generally considered to be the tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation to generation.

10. Culture -is collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another.

11. Culture serves as a “tool kit” that provides us with the equipment necessary to deal with the common problems of everyday life.

12. Culture serves as a “tool kit” that provides us with the equipment necessary to deal with the common problems of everyday life.

13. 1. Guiding behavior and decision-making Norms and Values : Culture establishes norms and values that guide behavior, helping individuals understand what is considered appropriate or inappropriate in various situations.

14. 1. Guiding behavior and decision-making Rituals and Traditions : Cultural rituals and traditions provide frameworks for handling important life events (e.g., birth, marriage, death) and everyday activities, offering structured ways to celebrate, cope, and connect with others.

15. 2. Shaping Perceptions and Interpretations Language and Communication : Culture shapes language, which in turn influences how people perceive and interpret the world around them. Language provides the terms and concepts needed to categorize and make sense of experiences.

16. 2. Shaping Perceptions and Interpretations Symbols and Meaning : Cultural symbols (e.g., flags, religious icons) carry specific meanings that help individuals communicate and understand complex ideas and emotions without needing extensive explanations.

17. 3. Providing Problem-Solving Strategies Social Practices : Cultural practices, such as communal support systems, traditional healing methods, or conflict resolution techniques, offer established ways to address common challenges, from health issues to interpersonal disputes.

18. 3. Providing Problem-Solving Strategies Shared Knowledge : Culture encompasses a body of shared knowledge, including folklore, proverbs, and collective wisdom, which individuals can draw upon to find solutions to everyday problems.

19. 3. Providing Problem-Solving Strategies Shared Knowledge : Culture encompasses a body of shared knowledge, including folklore, proverbs, and collective wisdom, which individuals can draw upon to find solutions to everyday problems.

20. Social differences - refer to the distinctions and variations in the characteristics, roles, and statuses among individuals and groups within a society.

21. 1. Race and ethnicity Race : Differences based on physical characteristics such as skin color, facial features, and hair texture.

22. Example: White, Black, Asian

23. 1. Race and ethnicity Ethnicity : Differences based on cultural factors such as language, heritage, customs, and beliefs. Example: Higaonon , Manobo, Talaandig , Maranao, Tausug, etc.

24. 1. Race and ethnicity Ethnicity : Differences based on cultural factors such as language, heritage, customs, and beliefs.

25. 2. Gender and Sexual Orientation : Sexual Orientation : Differences based on the gender(s) to which individuals are attracted.

26. Example: heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, and asexual orientations.

27. Example: Men are expected to be breadwinners while women are expected to be caregivers.

28. 3. Age Differences based on the stages of life, such as childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Example: Societal expectations and roles can vary significantly for children, teenagers, adults, and the elderly.

29. 4. Socio-economic status Differences based on economic factors such as income, wealth, occupation, and education level Example: Upper class, middle class, and working class.

30. 5. Religion Differences based on religious beliefs, practices, and affiliations. Example: Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, and atheists.

31. 6. Education Differences based on the level and type of education attained. Example: high school diploma, a college degree, or a vocational certification.

32. 7. Occupation Differences based on the type of work individuals do.

33. 8. Language Differences based on the language(s) spoken by individuals. Example: Tagalog, Higaonon , Cebuano, Bol-anon, Maranao, English

34. 9. Disability Differences based on physical, mental, or sensory impairments. those with disabilities.

35. 10. Geographic Location Differences based on where individuals live, such as urban, suburban, or rural areas.

36. Social Change - refers to significant alterations over time in behavior patterns, cultural values and norms, social structures, and social institutions within a society.

37. 1. Technological Advancements : Internet and Digital Revolution : The widespread adoption of the internet and digital technologies has transformed communication, commerce, education, and entertainment. It has led to the rise of social media, e-commerce, online education, and telecommuting.

38. 2. Demographic shifts Urbanization : The movement of people from rural areas to cities has transformed social and economic structures, leading to the growth of urban centers and changes in lifestyle and community organization.

39. 3. Cultural Changes Changing Family Structures : There have been changes in family structures, with increases in single-parent households, same-sex partnerships, and cohabitation without marriage, reflecting evolving social norms and values.

40. 4. Political Changes : Democratization : The spread of democratic ideals and practices has led to the establishment of democratic governments in many parts of the world, promoting political participation, human rights, and the rule of law.

41. 4. Environmental Changes Climate Change Awareness : Increasing awareness of climate change and environmental issues has led to changes in public policies, corporate practices, and individual behaviors aimed at sustainability and conservation.

42. Political identity - refers to the ways individuals align themselves with particular political beliefs, ideologies, parties, or movements.

43. QUIZ TIME: Which significant reason for cultural variations ( Environment , Isolation , Technology , or Dominant Cultural Themes ) the situation best represents.

44. Situation 1: In a tropical rainforest region, the local people build their homes on stilts to protect them from flooding during the rainy season.

45. Situation 2: An island population celebrates a unique festival that is not found anywhere else in the world because they have had little contact with other cultures for hundreds of years.

46. Situation 3: In a coastal village, the community’s diet primarily consists of fish and seafood, and they have developed unique methods for preserving their catch.

47. Situation 4: In a remote village, people still use traditional farming tools and methods passed down through generations, resulting in a slower pace of technological change compared to urban areas.

48. Situation 5: In a culture that emphasizes independence and personal success, children are encouraged to pursue their own goals from a young age.

49. Situation 6: A mountain community has developed its own language and customs over centuries because it is difficult for outsiders to visit due to the steep and rugged terrain.

50. Situation 7: City has become a global leader in digital innovation, with people incorporating the latest technology into every aspect of their lives, from education to entertainment.

51. Situation 8: In a society where community and family are highly valued, people often make decisions based on what’s best for the group rather than individual gain.

52. SIGNIFICANT REASONS FOR CULTURAL VARIATIONS

53. 1. Environment

54. What it means : The natural surroundings where people live, like climate, geography, and available resources.

55. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkohantextilejournal.com%2Fknow-more-about-traditional-clothing-in-the-mena-region%2F&psig=AOvVaw1mOOTh3d38_9gaXKvJPqxf&ust=1723462119862000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CA8QjRxqFwoTCPjym_Hq7IcDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

56. https://www.google.com/ imgres?q =Siberia%20heavy%20clothing&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fqph.cf2.quoracdn.net%2Fmain-qimg-0b65d804912800e1b2a1b244a78b818e-lq&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quora.com%2FHow-do-people-survive-in-cold-weather-like-in-Siberia-and-other-parts-of-Russia-or-Ukraine&docid=N2wx4yj-UdB-oM&tbnid=rq_Mok4MvOeR5M&vet=12ahUKEwia5dqW6-yHAxXhk1YBHVumIU4QM3oECF0QAA..i&w=550&h=366&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwia5dqW6-yHAxXhk1YBHVumIU4QM3oECF0QAA

57. Ex : In hot, desert areas like the Middle East, people traditionally wear loose, light clothing to stay cool. In contrast, people in cold regions like Siberia wear heavy, layered clothing to keep warm. These different environments lead to different cultural practices and ways of living.

58. 2. Isolation

59. What it means : When a group of people is separated from others, either by geography or choice.

60. Ex : The Inuit people in the Arctic have developed a culture focused on hunting seals and building igloos because they’ve lived in isolation from other cultures. Their way of life is different from those in warmer, more connected regions because they haven’t had much outside influence.

61. https://www.google.com/ imgres?q =Inuit%20people%20in%20igloos&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F7%2F75%2FIgloos.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIgloo&docid=RSg44sAiCCe0zM&tbnid=gCLrwW9IsAe1rM&vet=12ahUKEwji1vju7OyHAxVPrlYBHQfwKFAQM3oECBoQAA..i&w=2012&h=1164&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwji1vju7OyHAxVPrlYBHQfwKFAQM3oECBoQAA

62. 3. Technology

63. What it means : The tools and knowledge a group of people have.

64. Ex : In ancient times, cultures with advanced technology like the Egyptians, who built pyramids, were very different from cultures that relied on simpler tools. Today, a country with high-tech gadgets, like Japan, has a different culture from a place where people still rely on traditional farming methods, like some rural areas in Africa.

65. https://www.google.com/ imgres?q =Inuit%20people%20in%20igloos&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F7%2F75%2FIgloos.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIgloo&docid=RSg44sAiCCe0zM&tbnid=gCLrwW9IsAe1rM&vet=12ahUKEwji1vju7OyHAxVPrlYBHQfwKFAQM3oECBoQAA..i&w=2012&h=1164&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwji1vju7OyHAxVPrlYBHQfwKFAQM3oECBoQAA

66. https://www.google.com/ imgres?q =Inuit%20people%20in%20igloos&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F7%2F75%2FIgloos.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIgloo&docid=RSg44sAiCCe0zM&tbnid=gCLrwW9IsAe1rM&vet=12ahUKEwji1vju7OyHAxVPrlYBHQfwKFAQM3oECBoQAA..i&w=2012&h=1164&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwji1vju7OyHAxVPrlYBHQfwKFAQM3oECBoQAA

67. 4. Dominant Cultural Themes

68. What it means : The main ideas or values that shape a culture.

69. Example : In some cultures, like the United States, individualism is a dominant theme, meaning people value independence and personal success. In contrast, in many Asian cultures, community and family are more important, leading to a focus on group harmony and respect for elders. These dominant themes influence how people in each culture behave and interact with others.

70. https://www.google.com/ imgres?q =In%20the%20the%20United%20States%2C%20individualism%20is%20a%20dominant%20theme%2C%20meaning%20people%20value%20independence%20and%20personal%20success&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffee.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F01%2Findividualism.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffee.org%2Fresources%2Findividualism-a-deeply-american-philosophy%2F&docid=iw8oGn_-x6caTM&tbnid=uvhrIK7aDQVzBM&vet=12ahUKEwjjybv87-yHAxV2qFYBHU2oCL8QM3oECGcQAA..i&w=1920&h=1080&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjjybv87-yHAxV2qFYBHU2oCL8QM3oECGcQAA

71. https://www.google.com/ imgres?q =collectivism%20culture%20examples&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verywellmind.com%2Fthmb%2FWritj7HDK_99LuvQ3ffByNUvSes%3D%2F1500x0%2Ffilters%3Ano_upscale()%3Amax_bytes(150000)%3Astrip_icc()%2Fwhat-are-individualistic-cultures-2795273-5bcdfc01c9e77c0051d808e1.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verywellmind.com%2Fwhat-are-individualistic-cultures-2795273&docid= hxSvZrgMyvBbjM&tbnid =joMIFjK3TJX5tM&vet=12ahUKEwjko4PN8OyHAxWVqVYBHX1JHaMQM3oECBsQAA..i&w=1500&h=1000&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjko4PN8OyHAxWVqVYBHX1JHaMQM3oECBsQAA

72. https://www.google.com/ imgres?q =collectivism%20culture%20examples&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketing91.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F09%2FWhat-is-Collectivism.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketing91.com%2Fcollectivism%2F&docid=i5McilSKm7RZJM&tbnid=M8zkdeDTniCoSM&vet=12ahUKEwjko4PN8OyHAxWVqVYBHX1JHaMQM3oECCYQAA..i&w=1920&h=1080&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjko4PN8OyHAxWVqVYBHX1JHaMQM3oECCYQAA

73. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideserve.com%2Fkimholmes%2Findividualistic-versus-collectivist-cultures-powerpoint-ppt-presentation&psig=AOvVaw25qsLPh247w2sqmsXYZvmX&ust=1723463670460000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CA8QjRxqFwoTCOiuldLw7IcDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

74. MAN’S SOCIAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND/SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS Lesson 2

75. Significance of Studying Culture

76. Significance of Studying Culture: Adaptation and Integration Patterns of Acceptable Social Behavior Conveys and Facilitates Meaning Human Satisfaction Production of man-made things

77. Adaptation and Integration What it means: Understanding how people adjust to their surroundings and fit into their society.

78. Adaptation and Integration Ex: When someone moves to a new country, they learn the local language, customs, and traditions to adapt and integrate into their new community. Studying culture helps us understand how these processes work and how people can smoothly transition into different environments.

79. Patterns of Acceptable Social Behavior What it means : Knowing the rules and norms that guide how people should behave in different situations.

80. Patterns of Acceptable Social Behavior Example : In Japan, it’s common to bow when greeting someone as a sign of respect, while in the United States, a handshake is more common. Studying culture helps us recognize these patterns, so we know how to behave appropriately in different social settings.

81. Conveys and Facilitates Meaning What it means : Culture helps people understand and communicate ideas, values, and beliefs.

82. Conveys and Facilitates Meaning Example: In Indian culture, anklets, also known as ' payals ' or ' pajeb ,' are considered auspicious and are often worn by married women. They're believed to bring good luck and protect against evil spirits.

83. Conveys and Facilitates Meaning Example: In African cultures, anklets are commonly worn by women as a form of self-expression and adornment.

84. Conveys and Facilitates Meaning Example: Across various cultures and traditions, anklets serve as a way to connect with one's spirituality and participate in ritualistic practices. 

85. Human Satisfaction What it means : Culture contributes to people’s happiness and fulfillment by providing them with traditions, celebrations, and social connections.

86. Human Satisfaction Example : Celebrating holidays like Christmas brings joy and a sense of belonging to people. Studying culture helps us see how these traditions contribute to human satisfaction and well-being.

87. Production of Man-Made Things What it means : Culture influences the creation of tools, art, buildings, and other objects that people use in their daily lives.

88. Production of Man-Made Things Example : The Great Wall of China, Egyptian pyramids, and modern skyscrapers are all products of the cultures that built them. By studying culture, we understand why and how these man-made things were created and what they represent in their respective societies.

89. Represents : Protection and Power

90. Represents : Belief in the Afterlife and Royal Authority

91. Represents : Innovation, Economic Growth, and Ambition

92. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING SOCIETY Representation of our identity Characterize the totality of a territory Symbol of political independence Avenue for economic interdependence

93. Representation of our identity What it means : Society helps us figure out who we are and how we relate to others.

94. Representation of our identity Example : If you live in a society where people speak a certain language, follow certain customs, and celebrate specific holidays, these things become part of your identity. For instance, being Filipino means you might celebrate festivals like Sinulog or speak Tagalog, which shapes who you are.

95. Characterize the Totality of a Territory What it means : Society represents everything that happens in a specific area, including the culture, economy, politics, and daily life.

96. Characterize the Totality of a Territory Example : In Japan, society includes things like respect for elders, advanced technology, and a strong work ethic. These characteristics define what life is like in Japan and make it different from other places.

97. Symbol of Political Independence What it means : Society represents a group of people who govern themselves and make their own rules.

98. Symbol of Political Independence Example : When a country gains independence, like India did from British rule, it forms its own society with its own government, laws, and traditions. This independence allows the society to create an identity that’s unique to its people.

99. Avenue for Economic Interdependence Example : In today’s global society, a country like China might produce goods that are sold in the United States, while the U.S. might provide technology or services to other countries. This economic interdependence shows how societies around the world rely on each other to thrive.

100. Social Interaction 1. Social Arts: These are the skills and activities that involve interacting with others in society. For example, dancing, public speaking, or participating in a theater play helps people connect and communicate with each other.

101. Social Interaction 2. Social Relationships: T hese refer to the connections people form with others, like friendships, family bonds, or professional relationships. For instance, the friendship between classmates or the bond between siblings.

102. Social Interaction 3. Social Organization: This is how society structures and organizes itself. Examples include schools, companies, or governments that help people work together efficiently.

103. Social Interaction 4. Social Structures: These are the patterns and arrangements in society, like the class system, family roles, or education systems, which shape how people interact. For example, a school system that groups students by age and grade.

104. Social Interaction 5. Social Processes: These are the ways in which society changes and evolves over time. For instance, urbanization, where more people move from rural areas to cities, is a social process.

105. Significance of Studying Politics

106. Significance of Studying Politics 1. Consensus and Compromise: Politics teaches us how different groups with varying opinions can come together to agree on decisions, like how two political parties might work together to pass a law.

107. Significance of Studying Politics 2. Society: Studying politics helps us understand how society is governed and how laws and policies affect people’s lives. For example, learning about how laws are made helps us understand how society functions.

108. Significance of Studying Politics 3. Power and Distribution of Resources: Politics is about who has power and how resources like money, land, or education are distributed. For instance, deciding how the government should spend tax money on healthcare or education.

109. Significance of Studying Politics 4. Art of Government: Politics involves understanding how governments are run, including making laws and managing public services. For example, how a mayor runs a city or how a president leads a country.

110. Significance of Studying Politics 5. Public Affairs: This refers to the issues that affect the public, like healthcare, education, or the environment. Studying politics helps us understand how these issues are managed and why they are important.

111. Significance of Studying Politics 6. Academics: In an academic context, politics is studied to understand theories and concepts that explain how societies operate, such as democracy, justice, and freedom. For instance, learning about different types of government like democracy or monarchy.

112. Lesson: Rationale for Studying Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology

113. Anthropology

114. Anthropology : the science of human beings : the study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation to physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture

115. Anthropology : the study of humans, their behavior, cultures, and how they have evolved over time. By studying anthropology, we learn about different cultures, traditions, and ways of life.

116. Anthropology Example: Imagine traveling to a remote village where people have different customs and speak a different language. Anthropology helps us understand and respect their way of life, instead of feeling confused or uncomfortable.

117. Political Science -is the study of government systems, political activities, and political behavior. It helps us understand how laws are made, how governments function, and how people participate in politics.

118. Political Science Example: When you vote in an election or see a protest on the news, political science helps explain why these things happen and how they impact society.

119. Political Science

120. Sociology -is the study of society and social behavior, including the ways people interact and form groups. It helps us understand how social structures (like family, education, and religion) influence our lives.

121. Sociology Example: Think about how your friends, family, and school influence your choices and beliefs. Sociology helps explain why these influences exist and how they shape society.

122. Sociology Example: Think about how your friends, family, and school influence your choices and beliefs. Sociology helps explain why these influences exist and how they shape society.

123. Lesson: Value of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science as Social Sciences

124. 1. Understanding Human Behavior: These disciplines help us understand why people behave the way they do, why societies are structured in certain ways, and how power and resources are distributed.

125. 1. Understanding Human Behavior: Example: Anthropology might explain why certain rituals are important in a culture, sociology could show how peer pressure influences behavior, and political science might clarify why certain groups have more power than others.

126. 2. Solving Social Problems: By studying these fields, we can identify and address social problems, such as inequality, discrimination, and political corruption.

127. 2. Solving Social Problems: Example: If a community is struggling with poverty, sociology can help identify the social factors causing it, while political science can suggest policies to alleviate it.

128. Lesson: Common Concerns and Intersections with Respect to Change

129. 1. Social Change: All three disciplines are concerned with how societies change over time and how these changes affect people.

130. 1. Social Change: Example: Consider how technology, like smartphones, has changed the way we communicate and interact. Anthropology might study how this affects different cultures, sociology could explore its impact on social relationships, and political science might examine how governments regulate this technology.

131. 2. Cultural Adaptation They also look at how people and societies adapt to changes, such as migration, globalization, or environmental changes.

132. 2. Cultural Adaptation Example: When people move from rural areas to cities for work, anthropology studies how their culture adapts, sociology looks at how this affects urban life, and political science might explore policies that support this transition.

133. Lesson: Subjects of Inquiry and Goals of Each Discipline

134. 1. Anthropology Anthropology: Focuses on understanding human cultures, past and present. Its goal is to appreciate cultural diversity and understand the common humanity that connects us all. Example: An anthropologist might study how ancient civilizations lived or how a modern tribe sustains its traditions.

135. 2. Political Science Political Science: Examines political institutions, processes, and behaviors. The goal is to understand how power is distributed and exercised, and how it can be used to create fair and just societies. Example: A political scientist might analyze the effectiveness of democratic elections or the impact of a new law on society.

136. 3. Sociology Sociology: Studies social structures and relationships. The goal is to understand how societies function and how social issues can be addressed. Example: A sociologist might research the causes of social inequality or how education systems can be improved.

137. Reflections: How has your culture influenced their behavior? How do political decisions affect you daily? What social structures are they a part of, and how do they shape their experiences?

138. Activity: "Social Sciences in Action" Group Presentation

139. Scenario 1: A rural community is affected by a new law that restricts water usage. How do the different cultural practices, social dynamics, and political decisions play a role in this situation? Scenario 2: A city is experiencing an influx of migrants from another country. What are the cultural challenges, social adjustments, and political implications of this migration? Scenario 3: A school is implementing a new policy to ban smartphones during class hours. How do students, teachers, and administrators respond to this change culturally, socially, and politically?

140. Research and Analyze: Each group will spend 10-15 minutes discussing their scenario. They should identify: Anthropological Perspective: How cultural beliefs, practices, or traditions are involved. Sociological Perspective: How social relationships, institutions, or group dynamics are affected. Political Science Perspective: How policies, governance, or political behavior influence or are influenced by the situation. 2. Prepare a Presentation: Each group will create a short presentation (5-7 minutes) that: 3. Explains the scenario. 4. Discusses the perspectives of anthropology, sociology, and political science. 5. Proposes potential solutions or outcomes based on these perspectives. 6. Present and Discuss: Each group presents their findings to the class. After each presentation, there will be a brief Q&A session where other students can ask questions or provide additional insights.

141. Rubric for grading Criteria POINTS Understanding of Concepts 25 Application and Analysis 25 Presentation Skills 25 Team Collaboration 25 TOTAL 100