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Presented in this portion of the study are some literatures and findings of studies which bear relevance to the present investigation. Reviewed are articles taken from some references, books, published and unpublished journals that could support the conduct and results of this investigation.
Academi...

Presented in this portion of the study are some literatures and findings of studies which bear relevance to the present investigation. Reviewed are articles taken from some references, books, published and unpublished journals that could support the conduct and results of this investigation.
Academic Workloads
The performance of individuals and their understanding of tasks are significantly influenced by the key characteristics of tasks, known as workload components. Task demand is the ratio of the time required to complete a task to the time available for its completion. Workload is a combination of an operating system’s available resources, task demand, and human capabilities. It reduces an individual’s capacity to perform tasks (Kurata et al., 2015).
On the other hand, academic issues are considered the most common stressor for college students (Yang, Chen & Chen, 2021). For instance, in Schafer’s study, students reported that the most significant daily hassles were academics-related stressors such as continuous study, writing papers, preparing for exams, and uninspiring teachers. Academic pressure primarily stems from taking and preparing for exams, competition at grade level, and acquiring extensive knowledge in a brief timeframe. Perceived stress is a reaction to stressors and refers to the state of physical or psychological arousal.
Workload distribution is a critical strategic process in universities due to the central role of staff in achieving institutional success. If not managed appropriately, it can hinder the organization’s functionality. However, if handled effectively and genuinely, universities can form strong socio-temporal agreements with their staff that align with the institution’s vision 1. Therefore, further research is necessary to understand how daily activities and time and stress management skills might be associate (Amirkhan & Kofman, 2018; Jacobs & Dodd, 2003; Kember, 2004).
Curricular Involvement
The level of involvement in curricular activities can significantly impact academic workloads. Excessive involvement can lead to time constraints and stress, potentially hindering academic success. Striking a balance between curricular and extracurricular commitments is crucial, as a moderate level of involvement can foster personal growth while maintaining a manageable academic workload.
In a study conducted by Koch (2018), the extracurricular workload of students was investigated by soliciting information on the number of hours spent on activities outside of their academic requirements. These activities encompassed volunteer work, club participation, athletics, organizational involvement, and on or off-campus employment. The study delved into specific aspects of students' involvement, such as the time commitment per week and the perceived importance of their positions within these activities. This additional research sheds light on the intricate dynamics of extracurricular engagement and its potential impact on students'