Understanding Social Action - Social Action for Social Workers -_S.Rengasamy
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More about Social Action
Civil Disobedience, refusal to obey civil laws or decrees. This refusal usually takes the form of
passive resistance. People practicing civil disobedience break a law because they consider the
law unjust, wants to call attention to its injustice, and hope to bring about its repeal or
amendment. They are also willing to accept any penalty, such as imprisonment, for breaking
the law.
Two notable examples of progress were achieved through the practice of civil disobedience in
the mid-20th century. The first, the independence of India, was largely a result of the
Satyagraha (Sanskrit, “truth and firmness”), programs of nonviolent resistance by Mohandas
Gandhi to the British colonial laws. The second involved civil rights legislation in the United
States, in which the nonmilitant efforts of Martin Luther King, Jr., played a primary role.
Hunger Strike, voluntary fast undertaken as a means of protest. Hunger strikes are employed as
a political weapon designed to bring notoriety to a cause and thereby apply pressure for change.
Protest, expression of dissent or disapproval, especially in a formal way.
Passive Resistance, to oppose or challenge a government, an occupying power, or specific laws
by nonviolent methods. Fasting, demonstrating in protest, and refusal to comply with orders or
laws are examples of passive resistance.
refusal to obey laws or decrees, Civil Disobedience
protest through abstaining from food, Fasting
refusal to trade or associate with another organization, group, individual, or nation, Boycott
particular incidents where passive resistance was utilized, India: Gandhi's Protest Movement;
notable proponents of passive resistance, see Mohandas Gandhi; Martin Luther King, Jr.;
Rajendra Prasad; Henry David Thoreau; Leo Tolstoy: Tolstoy's Moral Philosophy
Nonviolence, doctrine or practice of rejecting violence in favor of peaceful tactics as a means
of gaining political or social objectives.
adherents of nonviolence, Asoka; Dalai Lama; Mohandas Gandhi; Indian National Congress;
Kenneth Kaunda; Martin Luther King, Jr.; Albert John Luthuli; Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee
specific uses of nonviolent tactics, India: Gandhi’s Protest Movement; Prague
religious aspects of nonviolence, Jainism; Anabaptists
Addams, Jane (1860-1935), American social reformer and Nobel laureate, born in Cedarville,
Illinois, and educated at Rockford Female Seminary and Women's Medical College and in
Europe. In 1889, with Ellen Starr, Addams established Hull House in Chicago, one of the first
settlement houses in the U.S. Addams played a prominent part in the formation of the National
Progressive Party in 1912 and of the Woman's Peace Party, of which she became chairperson in
1915. She was elected (1915) president of the International Congress of Women at The Hague,
Netherlands, and president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, which
was established by The Hague congress. She was a delegate to similar congresses held in
Zürich, Switzerland (1919); Vienna, Austria (1921); The Hague, Netherlands (1922);
Washington, D.C. (1924); Dublin, Ireland (1926); and Prague, Czech Republic (1929). She
won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931, sharing the award with the American educator Nicholas
Murray Butler. Her works include Democracy and Social Ethics (1902), Newer Ideals of Peace
(1907), Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), and The Second Twenty Years at Hull House