UNIT 1- WORLD OF PSYCHOLOGY.ppt.xxeeeeee

about psychology

1. Introduction to Psychology Unit 1

2. Your thoughts What do you think psychology encompasses? How does psychology impact our everyday lives? Can you think of examples where psychology plays a role in understanding behavior or mental health? Can we help others and ourself by studying psychology?

3. CONTENTS Meaning and Definition Scope of Psychology and its Application Evolution of Modern Psychology Branches of Psychology Concepts of Normality and Abnormality

4. Famous definition "Psychology is the study of the whole person. Carl Rogers (1951) "Psychology is the study of behavior. John B. Watson (1913) "Psychology is the science of mental life. William James (1892) "Psychology is the study of the dynamic interaction between the individual and their environment. Kurt Lewin (1935) "Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes. American Psychological Association (APA)

5. Meaning The study of brain/mind, and behavior The science of human and animal behavior, it includes the application of the science to human problems Behavior- anything with can be observed Application- solution to real life problems

6. Scope of Psychology Understanding Behavior : Individual Differences : How and why individuals differ in their behavior. Development : How people grow and change over time. Learning and Memory : How we learn new things and remember them. Perception and Cognition : How we perceive and think about the world. Emotions and Motivation : What drives our feelings and actions.

7. Health and Well-being : Mental Health : Understanding and treating mental illnesses. Stress and Coping : How we handle stress and challenges. Health Behaviors : Promoting healthy habits and lifestyles. Social Behavior : Relationships : How we form and maintain relationships. Group Dynamics : How being in a group affects behavior. Social Influence : How others influence our behavior and decisions. Applied Fields : Education : Improving teaching and learning methods. Workplace : Enhancing productivity and job satisfaction. Sports : Boosting athletic performance and motivation.

8. Applications of Psychology Clinical Settings : Therapy : Treating mental health issues through various therapeutic techniques. Assessment : Diagnosing mental health conditions using psychological tests. Educational Settings : Teaching : Applying psychological principles to improve teaching methods. Counseling : Helping students with academic and personal issues. Workplace : HR Practices : Using psychological tests for hiring and training employees. Organizational Development : Enhancing workplace culture and productivity.

9. Health Sector : Health Promotion : Encouraging healthy behaviors. Patient Care : Improving doctor-patient communication and care. Sports : Performance Enhancement : Using psychological techniques to improve athletic performance. Motivation and Focus : Helping athletes stay motivated and focused. Community : Public Health : Addressing community health issues. Social Services : Supporting vulnerable populations

10. Branches of Psychology Clinical psychology Clinical psychologist helps people with mental health problems like depression or anxiety. Clinical psychologists diagnose and treat mental illnesses. They work in hospitals, clinics, and private practices. Counselling psychology Counseling psychologist focuses on helping people deal with everyday life issues. Counselors provide guidance and support for personal and emotional problems. They work in schools, colleges, and community centers.

11. Branches of Psychology School and educational psychology School psychologists help students succeed academically and socially. They work with teachers, parents, and students to solve learning and behavior problems. Educational psychologists research how people learn and develop educational methods. Experimental psychology Experimental psychology studies how the mind works through experiments. Psychologists in this field research topics like memory, perception, and learning. They work in research labs and universities.

12. Physiological psychology Physiological psychology examines how the brain and nervous system affect behavior. It explores the biological bases of emotions, thoughts, and actions. Psychologists in this field often use brain imaging technology. Industrial and organizational psychology Industrial-organizational psychology helps improve workplace environments. Psychologists study employee behavior and develop methods to increase productivity. They work in businesses, government agencies, and consulting firms. Social psychology Social psychology studies how people influence and relate to each other. It examines topics like group behavior, social interactions, and attitudes. Social psychologists work in universities, research organizations, and marketing firms .

13. Developmental psychology Studies how people grow and change throughout life. Looks at physical, cognitive, and social development from infancy to old age. Works in research, education, and healthcare. Community psychology Focuses on improving the well-being of communities and individuals. Works on issues like poverty, violence, and mental health at the community level. Collaborates with community organizations and policymakers.

14. HISTORY AND SCHOOLS Structuralism - Wilhelm Wundt Analyzing the basic components of conscious experiences. Introspection and breaking down mental processes into the most basic elements. Functionalism - William James Understanding the purpose of mental processes and behavior. Examining how mental activities help an organism adapt to its environment. Psychoanalytic Theory - Sigmund Freud The influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Analyzing dreams, free association, and the structure of personality (id, ego, superego).

15. Gestalt Psychology - Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka , Wolfgang Köhler Perception and how we experience objects as whole patterns. Studying visual perception and problem-solving. Behaviorism - Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner Observable behavior and the effects of learning. Classical conditioning (Pavlov), operant conditioning (Skinner), and behavior modification techniques. Humanism - Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers Individual potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization. Emphasizing personal experience, free will, and the inherent goodness of people.

16. Evolution of psychology

17. Modern perspectives Behavioral perspective Biological perspective Cognitive perspective Social perspective Developmental perspective

18. Concepts of Normality 1. Statistical Normality: Behavior that is typical or average in a specific population. 2. Functional Normality: Behavior that allows an individual to function well in daily life. Focuses on whether behavior helps or hinders personal well-being and adaptation to social norms and expectations. 3. Cultural Normality: Behavior that aligns with cultural norms and values. Behavior varies widely across cultures, so what is considered normal in one culture may be abnormal in another.

19. Concepts of Abnormality Statistical Abnormality: Behavior that is statistically rare or unusual in a specific population. Maladaptive Behavior: Behavior that impairs an individual's ability to function effectively in daily life. Behaviors that cause distress, dysfunction, or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Personal Distress: Behavior that causes significant personal distress or discomfort. Psychological disorders often involve distressing symptoms or emotions that interfere with an individual's well-being.

20. Concepts of Normality and Abnormality Activity: Behavior Sorting Instructions: Prepare a set of cards with different behaviors written on them (e.g., feeling happy after a good grade, feeling sad after a bad day, constant sadness without a clear reason). Ask students to sort the behaviors into "normal" and "abnormal" categories. Discuss why certain behaviors are considered normal or abnormal and the importance of context in these determinations.

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