Unit 25 Diseases of Cattle and Buffalo.pptx

Diseases of cattle and buffaloes

1. DISEASES OF CATTLE AND BUFFALOES Dr. P. Ravikanth Reddy MVSc , PhD Guest Faculty KBR College of Agriculture and Horticulture Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University Dr. YSR Horticulture University

2. Infectious disease – Transmissible from one animal to another. Endemic disease – Constantly present in any area Forms: Acute - Subacute - Chronic -

3. BACTERIAL DISEASES

4. Causative organism – Bacillus anthracis Symptoms – Sudden death, blood will not clot, blood through natural orifices. Prevention – Vaccination, do not open the carcass, bury or burn the dead. Treatment – Pencillin in subacute form. Others – Spores remain viable for many years in soil. ANTHRAX

5. Oozing of blood through natural orifices – Anthrax

6. Zebra died with Anthrax

7. Causative organism – Pasteurella multocida Symptoms – Oedema under neck, Swollen neck region, fever, dysentery. Prevention – Isolation, Vaccinate the healthy animals, Bury or burn the dead. Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy . Others – Saliva, polluted water, and infected feed material. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA

8. Hemorrhagic septicemia

9. Causative organism – Clostridium chouveii Symptoms – Crepitating swelling in the hind or fore quarter of limb. Prevention – Vaccination. Treatment – Pencillin along with hyper immune serum to treat the disease. Others – affects young cattle 6 – 24 months of age mostly. BLACK QUARTER

10. Early symptoms (Swollen hind quarter region) – Black Quarter

11. Causative organism – Brucella abortus , Brucella melitensis Symptoms – Late-term abortion and infertility. Prevention – Regular serological testing of animals, isolation of affected animals and vaccination of calves. Treatment – Not affective. Others – Infection localizes in the placentae. BRUCELLOSIS

12. Aborted foetus – Brucellosis

13. Causative organism – Mycobacterium tuberculosis Symptoms – Wasting, Chronic cough with noisy breathing . Prevention – Isolation and disposal of affected animals. Treatment – Not recommended ( 6 months long treatment) Others – Zoonotic through milk. TUBERCULOSIS

14. Causative organism – Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Symptoms – Wasting, Swelling under jaw, Chronic diarrhea (BAG of BONES) . Prevention – Isolation and disposal of affected animals. Treatment – No treatment. Others – Milk transmission to young ones. JOHNE’S DISEASE (PARATUBERCULOSIS)

15. JOHNE’S DISEASE (PARATUBERCULOSIS)

16. Causative organism – Leptospira (Spirochetes) Symptoms – Poor reproductive performance, abortion, stillbirths, weak calves. Prevention – Vaccination, Graze separately from sheep and pigs. Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy . Others – Contaminated discharges. LEPTOSPIROSIS

17. Causative organism – Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Coliform bacteria . Symptoms – Swollen udder, milk becomes curd like yellow, brown fluid with flakes and clots. Prevention – Clean milk production measures, Strip cup method testing. Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy . Others – Contaminated discharges. MASTITIS

18. MASTITIS Green Arrow indicates Gangrenous teat

19. Gangrenous MASTITIS

20. Early MASTITIS

21. CALIFORNIA MASTITIS TEST - EARLY MASTITIS

22. VIRAL DISEASES No treatment is available for viral diseases. Only prevention of secondary bacterial infection.

23. Symptoms – Vesicle or blister formation on tongue, dental pad, gums, muzzle, inter digital space, and teats. Prevention – Vaccination (Polyvalent vaccine), disinfection, . Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy for secondary bacterial infectoins .. Others – Contaminated discharges and direct contact. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

24. Foot and Mouth Disease

25. Foot and Mouth Disease

26. Symptoms – Diarrhoea , high fever, and death. Prevention – Eradicated completely in 1998. Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy . Others – Contaminated discharges and direct contact. RINDERPEST

27. Symptoms – Rhinitis, Coughing, nasal and ocular discharges, abortions. Brain is affected in calves. Prevention – No vaccination in India. Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy . Others – 3 forms - Respiratory, genital, and encephalitic forms. INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS

28. Infectious BovineRhinotracheitis

29. Infectious BovineRhinotracheitis

30. Infectious BovineRhinotracheitis

31. Symptoms – Eye and nose discharges, high fever, gastroenteritis. Urine may be red colour . Prevention – Quarantine and slaughter. Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy . Others – - MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER

32. MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER

33. Corneal Opacity - MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER

34. Symptoms – Affects nervous system. Prevention – Vaccination. Treatment – Rabies hyper immune serum and post-bite vaccination ( 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90 ) Others – Caused by bite of infected dog, cat, fox, and bat. RABIES

35. Doses Dates Dose 1 May 1 (0) Dose 2 May 4 (+ 3) Dose 3 May 8 (+ 7) Dose 4 May 15 (+ 14) Dose 5 May 29 (+ 28) Dose 6 August 2 (+ 90) Not in human beings

36. RABIES

37. PROTOZOAL DISEASES Transmitted by ticks or biting insects.

38. Causative organism – Theileria annulata Symptoms – Anemia and weakness. Prevention – Control of ticks. Treatment – Buparvaquone . Others – Transmitted by ticks and invades into RBC. THEILEARIASIS

39. a) The perineal area of an infected animal heavily infected with tick species. b) An eye of Theileria -infected cattle showing ticks infestations. c) Severe bovine ocular affections. d) Enlargement of superficial lymph nodes THEILARIASIS

40. Enlarged superficial lymph nodes - THEILARIASIS

41. Causative organism – B. bovis , B. bigemina Symptoms – high fever, coffee colored urine , and jaundice. Prevention – Control of ticks. Treatment – Diminazine aceturate . Others – Transmitted by ticks and invades into RBC. BABESIOSIS

42. Coffee coloured urine - Babesiosis

43. Jaundice - Babesiosis

44. Causative organism – A. centrale , A. marginale Symptoms – high fever with red coloured urine , anemic and jaundice. Prevention – Control of insects. Treatment – Tetracyclines. Others – Transmitted by insects and invades RBC. ANAPLASMOSIS

45. Jaundice - Anaplasmosis

46. Red coloured Urine - Anaplasmosis

47. Causative organism – T. vivax , T. evansi , T. congolense Symptoms – Oedema in brisket region, animal moves in circle and dash walls because nervous system is affected. Prevention – Control of insects. Treatment – Antricyde Sulphate . Others – Transmitted by insects ( tse-tse flies). TRYPANOSOMIASIS

48. Circling - TRYPANOSOMIASIS

49. Chronic TRYPANOSOMIASIS

50. Tse-tse fly

51. Causative organism – Eimeria zuernii , E. bovis , E. auburnensi Symptoms – Dull with bloody diarrhoea . Prevention – Hygiene maintenance, Use of coccidiostats in feed. Treatment – Coccidiostats and Sulpha drugs Others – Transmitted by insects ( Tse-tse flies). COCCIDIOSIS

52. Bloody diarrhea – Treat with Sulpha drug

53. OTC – 50 mg/ml – Slow iv (60 ml) OTC – 200 mg/ml – Deep im

54. PARASITIC DISEASES

55. Causative organism – Round worms, Tape worms, and Flukes Symptoms – Weakness, drop in production, and reduced immunity. Prevention and Control – Deworming drugs ( Albendazole , Oxybendazole , Rafoxamide , Ivermectin ). INTERNAL PARASITES

56. Causative organism – Lice and Mites. Symptoms – Skin lesions, loss of hair, irritation, and scratching. Prevention and Control – Butox spray. EXTERNAL PARASITES

57. METABOLIC DISEASES

58. Causative – Low calcium. Symptoms – drop in milk yield and recumbency . Treatment – Calcium borogluconate intravenous administration. Prevention and Control – Anionic mixtures (Ammonium chloride @ 150 g/day before calving). MILK FEVER

59. Causative – Negative energy balance. Symptoms – Dull coat, acetone smell of breath, nervous symptoms. Treatment – Dextrose intravenous administration. Prevention and Control – Well feeding of the animal. KETOSIS

60. Causative – Consuming legumes and high grain ration ; Esophageal choking Symptoms – Acute – Sudden death. Breath becomes difficult - Oral breathing, Protrusion of tongue, and salivation. Treatment – Puncture with trochar and canula . Prevention and Control – Wilting of fresh legumes; Feed dry roughages before turning the cattle to luxuriant pasture to avoid bloating. BLOAT (TYMPANY)

61. Treatment – Puncture with trochar and canula ; Oral turpentine 60 ml; Powdered ginger (30 gms ), Asafoetida (30 g) well mixed with Jaggery . Trochar and Canula