Unit-6-lesson-1-What-are-Earths-major-systems-PPTX.pptx

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1. Lesson 1 What are earth’s major systems?

2. Objectives: By the end of this lesson you’ll be able to . . . identify and describe Earth’s systems including the biosphere, atmosphere, geosphere and hydrosphere. learn what these systems contain and how they interact. c ompare and contrast characteristics of each layer of the geosphere.

3. Overlapping spheres Biosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Atmosphere

4. Exploration 1 Systems and cycles: Geosphere G eo comes from the Greek word for “ GROUND ” The Geosphere is the skeleton of our planet. All of the other spheres are built on top of it. The Geosphere is made up of all the rocks and minerals on Earth. Consequently all of the landforms – that those rocks and minerals make up – are also part of the geosphere. Examples of landforms include; volcanoes, canyons, beaches, mountains …anything that’s made up of solid Earth. The geosphere include only non-living things.

5. Geosphere: the big picture *What is the relationship between temperature and depth in the geosphere? The deeper the depth, the hotter the temperature. *How do you think pressure changes with depth in the geosphere? Pressure increases with depth because of the weight of all the overlying layers of rock and other materials.

6. Rock cycle The rock cycle is a cycle in which rocks change from one form to another through natural processes. Some processes, such as weathering and erosion, happen at Earth’s surface while others, such as heat and pressure, happen deep inside Earth.

7. Rock cycle: Formation of the sedimentary rock W eathering and erosion are natural processes that break down big rocks into smaller parts (sediments).  Sedimentary rock forms when sediment is compacted under moderate pressure and exposed to mineral-rich water. *What is weathering? the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces. *What is erosion? the movement of earth materials from place to place.

8. Rock cycle: Formation of the metamorphic rock M etamorphic rock forms when sedimentary rock is exposed to heat and high pressure. *What can happen to a metamorphic rock when it is exposed to weathering and erosion? It changes into a sedimentary rock.

9. Rock cycle: Formation of the igneous rock Igneous rock is formed as magma cools. Magma is the molten rock beneath Earth’s surface. *What can happen to igneous rock if exposed to weathering and erosion? It can be broken down into sediment. *What can happen to igneous rock if exposed to high temperatures ? It can melt back into magma. *What can happen to igneous rock if exposed to high temperatures and pressure? It changes into metamorphic rock.

10. Exploration 2 Atmosphere: the big picture Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Troposphere: Is the layer where we live, this is where we find the oxygen to breath. Weather also happens here. Stratosphere: It contains th e ozone layer which protects the Earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiation. Mesosphere: Here is where meteors burn up due to friction with the air and appear to us as shooting stars. Thermosphere: Here is where huge amounts of heat energy is absorbed. Exosphere: Thi s is the boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and space. Atmos comes from the Greek word for “ Air ”

11. Pressurized particles Poor Sammy  The pressure that air particles exert on objects is called air pressure . Gravity pulls air particles toward Earth, causing them to squeeze more tightly together near Earth’s surface. This results in pressure on objects around and below them, including Earth’s surface and you. Air pressure is lower at higher altitudes in the atmosphere, while it’s higher at lower altitudes. Low pressure: Air particles are less tightly packed High pressure: Air particles are more tightly packed than the ones above them. Highest pressure: Air particles are tightly packed.

12. Earth is often referred to as the “blue planet.” because about 70% of Earth’s surface is covered with water. Hydrosphere contains all of the water in all of its forms (solid, liquid and gas). It contains all of the salt water in the oceans, all of the fresh water in the rivers and the lakes, all of the water vapor in the atmosphere, all of the water droplets in the clouds, all of water trapped in glaciers as ice and all of the underground water. Exploration 3 Hydrosphere: The big picture Hydro comes from the Greek word for “ Water ”

13. The biosphere is all the living things on Earth, from the smallest microscopic organism to the largest animal. The  biosphere  can be organized into different parts. An individual organism is the smallest level. A  population  is all the individuals of the same species living in an area at the same time. A  community  is a group of different populations living in an area at the same time. An  ecosystem  consists of all the communities in a defined area along with all the nonliving parts of the environment. A  biome  consists of a group of ecosystems with similar climates and communities. Exploration 3 Biosphere: The living sphere Bio comes from the Greek word for “ Life ”

14. Biosphere: Energy-matter cycle Decomposers recycle materials in ecosystems. This releases nutrients and organic matter for other organisms to use. N utrients provided by decomposers are used by plants as part of photosynthesis, continuing the cycle of matter and energy. Producers use energy from the sun, along with other materials, to make food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis also releases oxygen into the atmosphere and water. Consumers must eat plants or other organisms to get the energy and nutrients they need to survive. In this way, energy from the sun is transferred to animals. They also breathe oxygen.

15. End of lesson 1