Unit 6 Topic 4 - The End Of The Great War 4

1. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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The End of the Great War
Chapter 25
Pages 858-868

2. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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Topics
I.The End for Germany
II.Settlement at Paris
III.A Lasting Peace???
IV.Evaluating the Peace

3. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
3

4. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
4
I.The End for Germany
A.The Last Offensive
B.The Kaiser Abdicates
C.Public Perception

5. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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A. The Last Offensive
•Germany hopes to win before U.S. arrives
•Second Battle of Marne stops German
advance
•Too many reinforcements

6. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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B. The Kaiser Abdicates
•German leadership hopes for terms with
U.S.
–Encouraged by 14 points
–Germany still controls foreign soil
–Kaiser will abdicate
–Democratic Socialists will head government
•Armistice Day 11/11/18

7. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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C. Public Perception
•Versailles treaty will anger Germans
–Forced to sign it
–Many believed they were winning
–Loss of land
–Reparations
•Weimer Government will sign
–Social Democrats
–Catholic Center

8. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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II. Settlement at Paris
A.Obstacles of the
Big Four.
B.14 points

9. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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A. Obstacles of the Big Four
•Britain wanted Reparations.
–David Lloyd George
•France wanted to weaken Germany.
–George Clemenceau
•Italy wanted Allied promises of land.
–Vittorio Orlando
•Wilson’s idealism contradicted this
–“A Peace without Victors”

10. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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B. The 14 Points
•Wilson hoped to achieve a lasting peace in
Europe with justice and self determination.
•Points 1-5; stated no secret treaties, freedom of
the seas, remove trade barriers, reduce arms
and adjust colonial claims.
•Points 6-13 returned Alsace Loraine to France
and offered self determination to European
Nations.
•The 14
th
point was the League of Nations.

11. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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III. A Lasting Peace???
A.League of Nations
B.Colonies
C.Germany
D.The East
E.End of the
Ottoman Empire
F.The Russian
Threat

12. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
12
A. League of Nations
•Wilson compromised with Allies to get League
•U.S. Refuses League
–Republican Senate was against the League.
–It was a question of U.S. sovereignty.
–Could an international organization send U.S. troops
to war?
•Problems of League
–Germany and U.S.S.R excluded
–No Military Force and Unanimity
–No U.S. ???

13. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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14. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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15. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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B. Colonies
•Colonies are now
mandates
•Mideast loved idea
of self
determination
•Independence
encouraged
–No penalties if not
achieved
•1918 Balfour
Declaration

16. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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C. Germany
•Germany had to pay reparations
•Germany had to accept full blame
•Germany Lost territory
–Alsace and Lorraine
–Polish Corridor
–Divided into two separate regions
•German citizens were in shock
–The Stab in the Back

17. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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18. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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19. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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D. The East
•Austria-Hungary
was divided.
–Lost land to
newly formed
nations of
eastern Europe.
–Also lost land to
Italy.

20. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
20
E. End of the Ottoman Empire
•Ottoman Empire was
broken up.
–Iraq, Lebanon, Syria,
Transjordan and
Palestine all became
mandates of Britain.
–Turkey was all that
remained of the
Ottoman Empire
•Turkey, the Young
Turks and Ataturk

21. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
21
F. Russia is seen as a threat.
•Russia was communist under
Lenin.
•Russia signed the treaty of
Brest Litovsk
•Lenin published secret
treaties between Russia and
the west
–West resented Lenin and the
Bolsheviks
•West sided with the White
Army in the Civil War

22. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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Europe 1914

23. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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Europe Post Versailles

24. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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IV. Evaluating the Peace.
A.Criticisms
B.Lasting Failures

25. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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A. Criticisms
•Was it too harsh?
–Not Wilson’s Idealism
–No end to Imperialism
–Reparations and an angry Germany
•Was it too soft?
–Punish the German’s more
–Don’t let Germany rebuild
–France depends on Anglo-Saxon support

26. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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B. Lasting failures
•Germany is bitter and isolated
–Did not accept defeat
•U.S.S.R and U.S.A. are out of League
•The League was a weak international
actor
•Imperialism and Empire were not over

27. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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Terms to know
•Treaty of Versailles
•14 Points
•Woodrow Wilson
•League of Nation
•Self Determination
•Alsace-Lorraine
•Polish corridor
•Weimer Republic
•Reparations
•mandates
•The Big Four
•Ottoman Empire

28. 11/15/09
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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What we know…
•Germany lost, but did not accept it.
•The victors were divided along idealism
vs. national interest.
•The Treaty was poorly written to keep the
peace
•The League will be too ineffective to keep
the peace