Unit 7 - Skillful book 2 Reading and Writing Fear.pptx

Skillful book 2 Reading and Writing Unit 7

1. Department of English Language

2. UNIT 7: FEAR UNIT AIMS READING 1 Deducing meaning from context READING 2 Understanding definitions STUDY SKILL Giving and receiving feedback and criticism VOCABULARY Verb and preposition collocation GRAMMAR Present perfect tense (with since , for , and adverbs ) WRITING Essay structure: organizing notes into paragraphs

3. Warm-up UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

4. Discussion Point Have you met anyone who has any of the fears in the infographic? Why do you think people have these fears? Why do you think so many people are scared of different animals? UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

5. Vocabulary preview (page 118) breathing exercise (n) cope (v) extreme ( adj ) face (v) get over (v) harm (v) panic (v) phobia (n) UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

6. Vocabulary preview (page 118) 1. breathing exercise (n) a physical activity that involves conscious control of one's breathing for relaxation or health benefits The yoga instructor taught us some breathing exercises to help calm our minds and reduce stress. Doctors recommend doing breathing exercises to improve lung function and manage anxiety. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

7. Vocabulary preview (page 118) 2. cope (v) to deal effectively with a difficult situation or problem After losing his job, he struggled to cope with the financial stress and uncertainty. He found it hard to cope with the loss of his loved one, but eventually sought counselling for support. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

8. Vocabulary preview (page 118) 3. extreme (adj) reaching a high degree or intensity; beyond normal limits The extreme weather conditions made it dangerous to travel on the roads. He enjoys extreme sports like skydiving and bungee jumping for the adrenaline rush. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

9. Vocabulary preview (page 118) 4. face (v) to confront or deal with a difficult situation or person He knew he had to face his fears and speak up in front of the large audience. He had to face the consequences of his actions when he got caught stealing from the store. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

10. Vocabulary preview (page 118) 5. get over (v) to recover from or move past a difficult experience It’s taken me ages to get over the flue. He struggled to get over his fear of heights, but with the help of therapy, he was able to overcome it. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

11. Vocabulary preview (page 118) 6. harm (v) to cause physical or emotional injury or damage The medication could harm your liver if taken in excess. Cyberbullying can harm a person's mental health and self-esteem. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

12. Vocabulary preview (page 118) 7. panic (v) to feel sudden, overwhelming fear or anxiety She panicked when she realized she had lost her phone and couldn't find it anywhere. During the fire drill, some students panicked and ran in different directions instead of following the evacuation plan. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

13. Vocabulary preview (page 118) 8. phobia (n) an extreme or irrational fear of something She has a phobia of spiders and can't even look at a picture of one without feeling anxious. His phobia of flying prevented him from traveling abroad for years. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

14. Vocabulary preview (page 122) calm ( adj ) defence (n) energy (n) escape (v) hormone (n) protect (v) reaction (n) scared ( adj ) UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

15. Vocabulary preview (page 122) 1. calm (adj) relaxed and free from agitation or excitement The sound of the waves crashing on the shore helped her feel calm and peaceful. The therapist taught her some breathing techniques to help her stay calm during stressful situations. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

16. Vocabulary preview (page 122) 2. defense (n) protection against harm or danger Wearing a helmet while riding a bike is a good defence against head injuries. The security guard was hired to provide defence against potential intruders. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

17. Vocabulary preview (page 122) 3. energy (n) the ability to do work or produce power; vitality or vigour He drank an energy drink before his workout to give him more stamina and endurance. Solar panels convert sunlight into energy that can be used to power homes and businesses. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

18. Vocabulary preview (page 122) 4. escape (v) to get away from a dangerous or unpleasant situation During the earthquake, people tried to escape from their collapsing buildings as quickly as possible. He likes to escape from reality by reading books or watching movies. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

19. Vocabulary preview (page 122) 5. hormone (n) a chemical substance produced by the body that regulates various bodily functions Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels in the body. During puberty, hormones cause physical changes like growth spurts and voice deepening. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

20. Vocabulary preview (page 122) 6. protect (v) to keep safe from harm or danger Wearing sunscreen helps protect your skin from harmful UV rays. Parents have a responsibility to protect their children from harm and provide a safe environment for them. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

21. Vocabulary preview (page 122) 7. reaction (n) a response to a stimulus or situation His reaction to the news of his promotion was one of excitement and gratitude. What was Ali’s reaction when you told him the news. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

22. Vocabulary preview (page 122) 8. scared (adj) feeling frightened or anxious The little girl was scared of the dark and always slept with a nightlight on. He felt scared when he heard strange noises coming from the basement and didn't know what to do. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

23. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing CUTTLEFISH

24. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing SQUID

25. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing OCTOPUS

26. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing EEL FISH

27. Reading 2 danger ability straightaway unusual instinct strength internal release recover UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

28. Vocabulary development (page 126) focus on comment on suffer from recover from run away from protect from with the help of in and out UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

29. Vocabulary development (page 126) 1. focus on to concentrate one's attention or efforts on something specific He decided to focus on his studies and put his social life on hold until after exams. The coach told the team to focus on their defence during practice to improve their chances of winning. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

30. Vocabulary development (page 126) 2. comment on to express an opinion or give feedback about something Can you comment on the new policy changes and how they will affect our department? I would appreciate it if you could comment on my essay and give me some constructive criticism. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

31. Vocabulary development (page 126) 3. suffer from to experience pain, discomfort, or a negative condition She suffers from chronic back pain and has to take medication every day to manage it. People who suffer from anxiety disorders often struggle with daily activities and social interactions. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

32. Vocabulary development (page 126) 4. recover from to return to a normal state of health or well-being after an illness or injury It took him several months to recover from his knee surgery and regain his mobility. He had to take a few days off work to recover from the flu and get some rest. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

33. Vocabulary development (page 126) 5. run away from to flee or escape from a dangerous or unpleasant situation The hikers had to run away from the bear that was chasing them in the woods. He tried to run away from his problems by avoiding them, but eventually realized he needed to face them head-on. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

34. Vocabulary development (page 126) 6. protect from to prevent harm or danger from affecting someone or something Wearing a helmet can protect your head from injury in case of an accident. Vaccinations can protect children from serious illnesses like measles and polio. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

35. Vocabulary development (page 126) 7. with the help of with assistance or support from someone or something He was able to finish his project on time with the help of his colleagues who stayed late to help him. He was able to overcome his addiction with the help of a support group and therapy. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

36. Vocabulary development (page 126) 8. in and out a breathing technique that involves inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the mouth The doctor taught her how to do in and out breathing exercises to help manage her asthma symptoms. During meditation, he focused on doing in and out breathing to clear his mind and relax her body. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

37. Academic words (page 127) adjust (v) aware ( adj ) encounter (v) external ( adj ) injure (v) internal ( adj ) minimize (v) response (n) UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

38. Academic words (page 127) 1. adjust (v) to adapt or change in response to new circumstances or information He had to adjust his schedule after her boss asked her to work on a different project. The therapist helped him adjust his expectations and set more realistic goals for himself. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

39. Academic words (page 127) 2. aware (adj) having knowledge or perception of a situation or fact He became aware of the dangers of smoking after watching a documentary about the health risks. The company was not aware of the environmental impact of their manufacturing process until it was brought to their attention. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

40. Academic words (page 127) 3. encounter (v) to come across or meet unexpectedly He encountered an old friend from high school while shopping at the mall. He encountered some difficulties while trying to navigate through the unfamiliar city streets. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

41. Academic words (page 127) 4. external (adj) relating to or coming from outside a particular place or system The external walls of the building were painted a bright shade of blue. The company hired an external consultant to provide an unbiased opinion on their business strategy. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

42. Academic words (page 127) 5. injure (v) to harm or damage physically or mentally He injured his ankle while playing basketball and had to wear a cast for several weeks. Cyberbullying can injure a person's mental health and cause long-term emotional distress. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

43. Academic words (page 127) 6. internal (adj) relating to or coming from within a particular place or system The internal components of the computer were damaged and needed to be replaced. We have no interest in interfering in the internal affairs of other countries. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

44. Academic words (page 127) 7. minimize (v) to reduce or keep to a minimum The company implemented new policies to minimize waste and reduce their carbon footprint. He tried to minimize his expenses by cutting back on unnecessary purchases. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

45. Academic words (page 127) 8. response (n) a reaction or reply to something that has been said or done His response to the proposal was positive and he agreed to move forward with the project. The company's response to the customer's complaint was prompt and efficient. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing

46. Grammar (page 129) UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing Present Perfect Tense Positive: Sub + have/has + 3 rd V + ROTS. Negative: Sub + have/has + not + 3 rd V + ROTS. Question: Have/Has + sub + 3 rd V + ROTS? They have not completed their work. They have completed their work. Have they completed their work?

47. We use present perfect to talk about actions or situations that happened at an unspecified time in the past. I have read this book. We have watched this movie. She has left the class. He has met me somewhere. He has never topped the class. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing Grammar (page 129)

48. The present perfect shows that a past action has a result in the present. It has rained. (The earth is still wet.) I have washed my hands. (They are clean.) They have painted the room. (It looks clean) He has polished his shoes. She has broken her arm. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing Grammar (page 129)

49. The present perfect shows that an action started in the past, comes to present and may go to future. Note: In this case we use ‘since’ and ‘for’. Since: starting point of an action For: length of an action I have worked at the library for two years. I have lived here for four years. He has lived next door since June. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing Grammar (page 129)

50. Present Perfect Simple VS Past Simple 1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?" B: I don't know. I (see, never) _____________ that movie. 2. Ali (arrive) _______ in Kabul a week ago. 3. My best friend and I (know) ___________ each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week. 4. I (have, not) ___________ this much fun since I (be) ______ a kid. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing Grammar (page 129) have never seen arrived have known have not had was

51. Present Perfect Simple VS Past Simple Things (change) ___________ a great deal at this corporation. When we first (start) _______ working here three years ago, the company (have, only) ________ six employees. Since then, we (expand) ____________ to include more than 2000 full-time workers. UNIT 7 – FEAR SKILLFUL 2 – Reading and Writing Grammar (page 129) have changed started only had have expanded

52. Thank You