UNIT - 7 Test, Measurement & Evaluation in Sports

Class 11th Physical Education Classes by Mahendra Rajak

1. Test Measurement & Evaluation in Sports PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS 11 MAHENDRA RAJAK (TGT P&HE) KV MAHABUBNAGAR 1

2. KEY POINTS :- Definition of Test Definition of Measurement Definition of Evaluation Importance of Test, Measurement and Evaluation Calculation of B.M.I and Waist-Hip ratio Somato -Types (Endomorph, Mesomorph & Ectomorph) Measurement of Health Related Fitness 2

3. Definition of Test “A test is a tool which is used to evaluate the skill, knowledge, capitulates or aptitudes of an individual or a group.” “A Test is a tool which is used to evaluate the quality, performance and reliability of the task completed by a person.” 3

4. Definition of Measurement “Measurement is a collection of data and information about certain skill or level of fitness of an individual by using test and relevant techniques.” “Measurement is about the collection of data about performance or task completed by a sports person by using a test.” 4

5. Definition of Evaluation “It is a systematic determination of a subject’s merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards.” “It is the process of education that involves collection of data from the products which can be used for comparison with the preconceived criteria to make judgement.” 5

6. Importance of Test, Measurement and Evaluation To frame the objectives. To help the selection of player. To help the evaluate the learners. To evaluate the teaching programme . To know the capacities and abilities of players. To study the need of the participants. Help to conduct the research. Help to Achieve Aims and Objectives. Help to prepare norms and standards. Help to predict in advance the performance potentials of player. To help the individual game classification of player. 6

7. Calculation of B.M.I Body Mass Index BMI of any individual can be calculated with the help of the following formula. Body weight Body Mass Index (BMI) = -------------------------- Height × Height or Body weight (in Kg) ---------------------------------------------- Height × Height (in Metre ) Here the weight of the individual’s is measured in kilograms and the Height of that individual is taken in meter. 7

8. Example 1: Calculate the BMI of a male person whose body weight is 80 kg and his height’s 1.60 m. Also state the category in which he falls? Solution: Body weight = 80 kg Height = 1.60 m Weight (in Kg) BMI = ----------------------------------------- Height × Height (in Metre) = 80 80 × 100 8000 ----------------- ---------------- -------- = 31.25 1.60 × 1.60 16 × 16 256 He falls obesity type I. BMI is categorized below: BMI Table Category BMI Under weight < 18.5 Normal weight 18.5–24.9 Over weight 25.0–29.9 Obesity class I 30.0–34.9 Obesity class II 35.0–39.9 Obesity class II > 40.0 8

9. Calculation Waist-Hip ratio (W.H.R.) Waist-hip ratio is defined as the measurement of waist circumference divided by Hip circumference. It is used as a risk factor assessment tool for heart diseases, Hypertension and Type-II diabetes. Excess body fat is considered a risk factor of deceases. Waist circumference (in inches) Waste hip ratio (W.H.R.) = ------------------------------------------------- Hips circumference (in inches) 9

10. Waist-Hip ratio (W.H.R.) Table Waist-Hip Ratio (Males) BMI < 0.85 0.85–1.0 > 1.0 20 to < 25 Very low Low Moderate 25 to < 25 Low Moderate High 30 to < 25 Moderate High High Very 35 to < 25 High Very high Very high > 40 Very high Very high Very high Waist-Hip Ratio (Female) BMI < 0.70 0.70–0.85 > 0.85 20 to < 25 Very low Low Moderate 25 to < 25 Low Moderate High 30 to < 25 Moderate High High Very 35 to < 25 High Very high Very high > 40 Very high Very high Very high 10

11. Example 1: If an individual (male) waist circumference measurement is 30 inches and hip circumference measurement is 44 inches. Than calculate his waist hip ratio. Also state the category of his health risk. Solution: Waist circumference = 30” Hip circumference = 44” Waist circumference W.H.R. = -------------------------------------- Hips circumference 30 = ------- = 0.68 40 It means the individual (male) is not at health risk. In case of male if the W.H.R. Is more than 1.00, than he is at the health risk. 11

12. Example 2: If the waist circumference measurement of a female is 30 inches and her hip circumference measurement is 32 inches. Then calculate her W.H.R. Solution: Waist circumference = 30” Hip circumference = 32” Waist circumference W.H.R. = -------------------------------------- Hips circumference 30 = ------- = 0.93 32 In case of female, if the W.H.R. Is more than 0.85, she is at the health risk. Therefore above W.H.R. of a female is under very high health risk. 12

13. Somato -Types (Endomorph, Mesomorph & Ectomorph) 13

14. Endomorph PHYSICALLY ROUND WIDE HIPS NARROW SHOLDER EXTRA FAT BELL SHAPED PSYCHOLOGICALLY FUN LOVING LOVE OF FOOD TOERANT   ( सहनशील ) EVENTEMPERED ( सममिजाज शांत ) SOCIABLE GOOD HUMORED RELAXED People with endomorph body structure have rounded physique. Their excessive mass hinders their ability to compete in sports. Suitable games weight lifting and power lifting. 14

15. Mesomorph PHYSICALLY BROAD SHOULDERS NARROW WAIST LARGE HEAD LITTLE FAT STRONG ARMS AND LEGS STRONG MUSCULAR BODY PSYCHOLOGICALLY COMPETITIVE COURAGEOUS ( साहसिक ) INDIFFERENT ASSERTIVE ( मुखर ) DESIRE FOR POWER ZEST FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ADVENTUROUS LOVE OF RISK People with mesomorph body structure have thick bones and muscles with rectangular shaped body. They have larger and broader chest and shoulders can be top sports person in any sport. 15

16. Ectomorph PHYSICALLY NARROW SHOULDER A NARROW FACE NARROW CHEST LEGS AND ARMS LITTLE FAT SKINNY PSYCHOLOGICALLY SELF – CONSCIOUS ( संकोची ) PRIVATE INTROVERTED ( अंतर्मुखी ) INHIBITED ( हिचकते ) ARTISTIC ( कलात्मक ) THOUGHTFUL SOCIALLY ANXIOUS ( असाधारण ) EMOTIONALLY RESTRAINRDD 16 These realism person because their muscles and limbs are elongated. They have flat chest and have less muscle mass. They have less strength but dominate endurance sports.

17. Endomorph and Mesomorph types of personalities Endomorph Mesomorph ( i ) An individual has short arms and legs. ( i ) An individual has balanced body composition (ii) An individual has rounded physique. (ii) An individual has athletic physique. (iii) Under developed muscle’s (iii) Strong muscles. (iv) High fat storage (iv) Fat evenly stored all over the body. (v) Pear shaped body (v) Rectangular shaped body. (vi) Less ability to compete in sports. (vi) Can excel in sports. (vii) They are less active. (vii) The are capable of doing lot of activities. 17

18. Measurement of Health-Related Fitness Measurement Of Body Composition Measurement Of Muscular Strength Measurement Of Muscular Endurance Measurement Of Cardiovascular Fitness Measurement Of Flexibility 18

19. Measurement Of Cardiovascular Fitness Harvard Step Test The Harvard step test is a test of aerobic fitness, developed by Boruah et al. (1943). Objective: The objective of this test to monitor the development of the athlete’s cardiovascular system. Required Resources:- Gym bench (45 cm high) Stopwatch Assistant Fitness Index physical efficiency Index 19

20. How to Conduct the Harvard Step Test This test requires the athlete to step up and down off a 45 cm high gym bench for 5 minutes at a rate 30 steps/minute. The athlete warms up for 10 minutes The assistant gives the command “Go” and starts the stopwatch. The athlete steps up-up and down-down onto a standard gym bench once every two seconds for five minutes (150 steps) The assistant stops the test after 5 minutes. The assistant measures the athlete’s heart beat rate (bpm) one minute after finishing the test pulse 1 The assistant measures the athlete’s rate (bpm) two minutes after finishing the test - Pulse-2 The assistant measures the athlete’s heart rate (bpm) three minutes after finishing the test pulse 3. 20

21. Measurement Of Muscular Strength Kraus Weber Test It was introduced by Kraus and Hirsch land. It consists of six tests strength of the abdominal and Psoas muscles strength of the back hamstring strength of the upper back strength of the Psoas and lower back strength of the abdominal muscles strength of the lower back 21

22. Test – 1 Purpose: To measure the strength of the abdominal and Psoas muscles Procedure: The subject lies in supine position i.e., flat on his back and hands behind his neck, examiner holds his feet to keep him on ground and he is asked to perform one sit-up. Scoring: If he performs he passes and gets 10 marks else he fails and receives 0 marks. Test – 2 Purpose: To measure the strength of the abdominal muscles Procedure: The subject lies in supine position but his knees are bent and ankles remain in touch with his buttocks. The examiner holds the feet of the subject. After command the subject has to roll up to sitting position. Scoring: If he performs one sit-up in this condition, he passes else he fails. The distance from spine to sitting position is marked from 0 – 10. 22

23. Test – 3 Purpose: To measure the strength of the Psoas and lower back Procedure: The subject is advised to lie on supine on the table and hands to be kept behind the neck. Then he is advised to lift the legs to 10 inches above the table. Scoring: If he can raise his feet 10 inches from the ground for 10 second then he gets 10 marks. The scores are awarded keeping in mind the time for which the subject uplifts his legs. Test – 4 Purpose: To measure the strength of the upper back Procedure: The subject lies in prone position (i.e. on his stomach with a pillow under his lower abdomen and his hands behind his neck) on the table, examiner has to press the back and trunk of subject. The subject is advised to life the legs to 10 inches above the table. Scoring: If subject can raise his legs in such a condition for 10 seconds then he gets 10 else he is marked as per the time he maintains the desired upliftment. 23

24. Test – 5 Purpose: To measure the strength of the lower back Procedure: The subject lies in prone position on the table, examiner has to press the legs and hips of the subject. The subject is advised to life the upper body to 10 inches above the table. Scoring: The subject is market 10 if he uplifts his body in such a condition for 10 seconds else he is marked for the time he maintains the desired upliftment. Test – 6 Purpose: To measure the strength of the back hamstring Procedure: It is also known as floor – touch test, measured flexibility of the trunk, subject is asked to lean down slowly to touch the floor with finger tips for 3 seconds, bouncing or jerking is not allowed, examiner holds his knees to prevent any bend. Scoring: Full 10 marks are given for complete touch. If subject is unable to touch by two inches he is awarded 8 marks. 24

25. Measurement Of Muscular Endurance 600 m walk/Run Purpose: To measure Cardiovascular ability Procedure: 600 m walk and Run can be organized on track subject runs a distance of 600 m. The subject takes a standing start from the starting line. The subject may walk in between. However, the objective is to cover the distance in the shortest time when he crosses the finish line he is informed of his time. Scoring: Time take to cover 600 m distance is expressed in seconds. 25

26. Measurement Of Flexibility Sit and Reach test Purpose: To measure Flexibility Equipment Required: A wooden sit and reach box. Procedure: This test involves sitting on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead. Shoes should be removed. The soles of the feet are placed flat against the box. Both knees should be locked and pressed flat to the floor the tester may assist by holding them down with the palms facing downwards, and the hands-on top of each other or side by side, The subject reaches forward along the measuring line as for as possible. Ensure that the hands remain at the same level not one reaching further forward than the other. After some practice reaches, the subject reaches same level not one reaching further forward than the other. After some practice reaches, the subject reaches out and holds that position for at one two seconds while the distance is recorded. Scoring: The score is recorded to the nearest centimeter or half inch as the distance reached by the hand. 26

27. Measurement Of Body Composition Slaughter – Lohman Children Skin Fold Formula It is conducted to find out body fat among the children of 8 – 10 years. To calculate body fat percentage skin fold measurement at triceps and calf are recorded. Measurement Of Skin Fold at Triceps: Taken vertically on back of arm and in the center of top of shoulder point (Acromial process) and elbow (Olecranon process), using a vertical pinch. Arm should be relaxed with palm of hand facing forward. Measurement Of Skin Fold at Calf: The subject is advised to place the foot on char at approx. 90 degrees. Then a vertical pinch parallel to long axis of leg is given. At the larges circumference of calf and on medial surface of calf skin fold measurement is taken. Boys: % Body fat = 0.735 (triceps + calf) + 1.0 Girl: % Body fat = 0.610 (triceps + calf) + 5.1 27

28. Thank You 28