Unit 8: Trends of change in Indian Society - Indian Cultural values and Development - Coercion, Conflict and Change - Sociology as a Discipline -Law and Society - Sociology of Law.

Unit 8: Trends of change in Indian Society - Indian Cultural values and Development - Coercion, Conflict and Change - Sociology as a Discipline -Law and Society - Sociology of Law.

1. UNIT 8: Trends of Change in Indian Society

2. Introduction Indian society is dynamic and constantly adapting to change. Driven by industrialization, globalization, technology, democratization, and law. Sociology helps analyze the processes and patterns of transformation. Focus on the relationship between culture, law, development, coercion, and change.

3. Trends of Change in Indian Society • Transition from traditional to modern structures. • Rural–urban migration and urban growth. • Rise of middle class and changing occupations. • Decline of joint families; nuclear family norm. • Changing gender roles and workforce participation. • Technological and digital influence. • Rise of identity politics and rights movements.

4. Dimensions of Social Change 1. Structural Change – Family, caste, economy, polity. 2. Cultural Change – Norms, beliefs, values. 3. Ideological Change – From colonialism to nationalism. 4. Demographic Change – Population and migration. 5. Technological Change – Impacts all institutions.

5. Agents of Change • Education promotes rationality and equality. • Mass media shapes awareness and aspirations. • Urbanization encourages mobility and innovation. • Law reforms social institutions. • Social movements challenge inequality.

6. Indian Cultural Values and Development • Core values: Dharma, Ahimsa, Tolerance, Collectivism. • Development must align with culture for sustainability. • Cultural lag: material progress vs. moral adaptation. • Gandhian development: moral and rural focus.

7. Culture and Development – Indian Context • Conflict between modernization and traditionalism. • Development often overlooks cultural integrity. • Yogendra Singh: 'Modernization of tradition.' • Revival movements promote heritage and indigenous knowledge.

8. Coercion, Conflict and Change – Theoretical Framework • Coercion: Use of power to maintain order (Weber). • Conflict: Marx’s class struggle as driver of progress. • Durkheim: Functional adaptation to maintain equilibrium. • Coser & Dahrendorf: Conflict fosters innovation.

9. Coercion, Conflict and Social Transformation • Caste conflicts: Dalit and OBC assertions. • Religious and ethnic clashes. • Gender-based movements. • Resistance and reform reshape institutions.

10. Sociology as a Discipline • Founded by Comte, advanced by Durkheim, Marx, Weber. • Scientific study of society and institutions. • In India: Ghurye, Srinivas, Desai, Singh. • Branches: Family, Religion, Law, Rural/Urban Sociology. • Relevance: Social research for policy and reform.

11. Law and Society • Law as mechanism of control and justice. • Law reflects social values and hierarchies. • Key laws: Sati abolition, Dowry Act, Domestic Violence Act, Transgender Rights Act. • Law both regulates and transforms society.

12. Sociology of Law • Studies interaction between law and society. • Law as regulator and agent of change. • Focus: Legal pluralism, access to justice, power relations. • Weber: Rational authority. • Durkheim: Law reflects solidarity type.

13. Law as an Instrument of Social Change • Reforms precede acceptance: Hindu Code Bills, RTE, Reservations. • Challenges: Implementation, literacy, corruption. • Law drives gender justice, education, and equality.

14. Law, Social Justice, and Development • Development with equity and rights. • Judicial activism as reform tool (PILs). • Vishaka and MC Mehta cases. • Law ensures distributive justice.

15. Contemporary Challenges in Indian Society • Balancing tradition with modernization. • Managing diversity and inequality. • Political polarization, digital divide. • Environmental and ethical challenges.