UNIT I Introduction to Globalization -..

About Globalization

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UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION TO

GLOBALIZATION

—€Ms. Angelica Macalingae—

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Lesson
Objectives:

e Synthesize the definitions of globalization by
the different authorities;

e Explainthe differentattributes and
characteristics of globalization; and

e Trace the historical periods of globalization

4. Globalization

1. Globalization is the process in which
people, ideas and goods spread
throughout the world, spurring more
interaction and integration between the
world's cultures, governments and
economies.

5. [ 1
2. Globalization is a process of interaction and
integration among the people, companies, and
governments of different nations, a process driven by
international trade and investment and aided by
information technology.

- Globalization is about growing worldwide connectivity.

6. Example:

People are engaged in buying
and selling from other places in
far-away lands like the famed
Silk Road across Central Asia
that connected China and
Europe during the Middle Age
for thousands of years and they
also invested in enterprises in
other countries for centuries.

7. Attributes,
Qualities, or
Characteristics of
Globalization

8. N
Four Characteristics or
qualities of Globalization

1.It involves both the creation of new social
networks and the multiplication of existing
connections that cut across traditional,
political, economic, cultural, and geographical
boundaries.

9. Four Characteristics or
qualities of Globalization
2. Globalization is reflected in the expansion

and the stretching of social relations,
activities, and connections.

10. Example:

- Reaching of financial markets around the globe

- Occurrence of electronic around the clock

‘Emergence of gigantic and virtually identical shopping
malls in all continents to cater to consumers who can
afford commodities all over the world-including products
whose various components were manufactured in
different countries. Thisprocess iscalled social stretching.

11. Four Characteristics or
qualities of Globalization
3. Globalization involves the intensification

and acceleration of social exchanges and
activities.

12. 000
Example:

e The world wide web relays distant information in
realtime

e Satellites provide consumers with instant pictures
of remote events

e Sophisticated social networking by means of
facebook or twitter has become routine activity for
more than a billion people around the globe.

13. N

Four Characteristics or
qualities of Globalization

4. Globalization processes do not occur
merely or an objective, material level but they
also involve the subjective plane of human
consciousness.

14. Historical
Periods of

Globalization

15. ]
ANNO

THE PRE HISTORIC PERIOD
(10 000 BCE - 3500 BCE)

e In this earliest phase of globalization, contacts
among hunters and gatherers - who were spread
around the world - were geographically limited.

e In this period due to absence of advanced forms of
technology, globalization was severely limited.

16. WA

= Y

THE PRE-MODERN PERIOD 4
(3500 BCE - 1500 CE)

¢ Inthis period the invention of writing and the wheel
were great social and technological boosts that moved
globalization to a new level.

+ The invention of wheel in addition to roads made the
transportation of people and goods more efficient. On
the other hand writing facilitated the spread of ideas
and inventions.

17. | |
THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
(1500-1750)

e Itis the period between the Enlightenment and the
Renaissance. In this period, European Enlightenment
project tried to achieve a universal form of morality and
law.

e This with the emergence of European metropolitan
centers and unlimited material accumulation which led
to the capitalist world system helped to strengthen
globalization.

18. THE MODERN PERIOD
(1750-1970)

e Innovations in transportation and communication
technology, population explosion, and increase in
migration led to more cultural exchanges and
transformation in traditional social patterns.

e Process of industrialization also accelerated.

19. THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
(FROM 1970 TO PRESENT)

e The creation, expansion, and acceleration of
worldwide interdependencies occurred in a
dramatic way and it was a kind of leap in the
history of globalization.

20. Dimensions of
Globalization

21. ECONOMIC DIMENSION

« This refers to the extensive development of economic
relations across the globe as a result of technology and the
enormous flow of capital that has stimulated trade in both
sourcesand goods.

Major players in the current century's globaleconomic order
1. Huge international corporations (General Motors,Walmart,
Mitsubishi)

2. International Economicinstitutions (IMF, World Bank, The
World Trade Organization)

3. Trading Systems

22. y Political Dimension W

e This refers to an enlargement and strengthening of

political interrelations across the globe.
Example:

¢ Global cities like New York, London, Tokyo, and
Singapore are closely connected with one another
than they are to various cities in their own countries.

« European Union, United Nations, NATO, The World
Trade Organization.

23. y Cultural Dimension Y

e This refers to the increase in the amount of
cultural flows across the globe.
¢ Cultural interconnections are at the foundations
of contemporary globalization.
Examples:
Media empires generated and directed the extensive
flow of culture. Yahoo, Google, Microsoft, and Disney.

24. RELIGIOUS DIMENSION

e Religion is a personal or institutionalized set of
attitudes, beliefs, and practices relating to or
manifesting faithful devotion to an acknowledged
ultimate reality or deity.

e It is the most important defining element of any
civilization as contrasted with race, language, or
way of life.

25. THANK YOU!

THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD