Unit no 2 teaching learning principles and practice

Teaching learning principles and practice for BSN 5th semester

1. Stages in Learning , Physical Environment and well being by Farzana Parveen LECTURER: ASIAN COLLAGE OF NURSING

2. OBJECTIVE Developmental stages and learning, experiential learning? Impact of state of physical health on learning ? Emotional aspect including stress? Physical environment conducive to learning in addition wellbeing and learning including behavioral, cognitive, humanistic and dialectical ( interactive ) learning theories?

3. Learning Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values and attitudes. OR Learning may be defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior.

4. Characteristics of Learning Learning is a process which is continuous & it never stops at any phase. It is a lifelong process hence learning starts from birth & ends only with the death of an individual. Learning is the process which leads to mental growth of an individual. When learning takes place the individual learns to adjust and adopt according to the environment . Learning is active process . Learning by doing is the best part of learning. Learning takes place individually as well as socially. Learning brings about the change in the behavior in Individual

5. Developmental Stages Milestones marking changes in the physical, cognitive and psychosocial growth of an individual over time from infancy to old age. A developmental stage must be used to meet the health-related educational needs of the learners. Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial maturation must be taken into account in each developmental period. Pedagogy , Andragogy , and Geragogy are three different orientations to learning.

6. Pedagogy Pedagogy : Pedagogy refers to the “interactions between teachers, students, and the learning environment and the learning tasks”. This broad term includes how teachers and students relate together as well as the instructional approaches implemented in the classroom.

7. A n dragogy Andragogy: (German educator Alexander Kapp VS American Educator Malcolm Knowles) Malcolm emphasizes that adults are self-directed and expect to take responsibility for decisions. Adult learning programs must accommodate this fundamental aspect.

8. A short comparison Pedagogy mainly focuses on the methods applied by the teachers in transferring ideas and knowledge to the learners who are considered to be dependent on the methods of the teachers for understanding. Andragogy is a self-directed, independent and cooperative way of learning amongst the adults

9. Geragogy Geragogy ( Lebel 1978): It refers to the management of teaching and learning for older adults and has become a well-known term applied to teaching and learning in later life. Enjoyment, curiosity, seeking information and desiring communication are typical routes into learning. Recognition of age-related issues which may affect learning, such as reduced sensory perception, limited motor capabilities and changes in cognitive processes, especially memory.

10. Role of physical and emotional health in learning Physical Health: A state of physical wellbeing in which a person is physically fit to perform their daily activities without restrictions. Emotional Health: The sense of wellbeing that enables a person to have cognitive and emotional capabilities to function in society and meets the demands of everyday life.

11. Cont … An emotionally healthy person is: Open minded Open hearted Assertive ( being confident and expressing opinions or desires clear way.) Proactive ( taking action to make things happen rather than just reacting to events.) Expresses emotions appropriately

12. Key terms Emotional Health: A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which the individual is able to cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively , and to make a contribution to his or her community. Cognition: It is the set of all mental abilities related to attention, memory, evaluation, reasoning, problem solving, decision making etc. Memory: It is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Reasoning : The process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions.

13. Cont … Dial e cti c al Me t h od o f L ear nin g : L e a r ni n g that occurs through discussion between two or more people. Dialec t i c al met h o d of l e arn in g a l l o w s a du l t l e a rn e rs to exchange their ideas, concepts, personal and professional experiences.

14. Cont: Didactic Method of Learning: This is an Instructive method that provides students with the required theoretical knowledge. It is an effective method used to teach students who are unable to organize their work and depend on the teachers for instructions. It is also used to teach basic skills of reading an writing. The teacher is the source of knowledge and the knowledge is transmitted to the students through didactic method

15. Stages of Learning

16. Stages of learning STAGE 1: Unconscious Incompetence Unconscious incompetence is when someone is not aware that they lack a particular skill or knowledge. This is the stage of blissful ignorance. We do not know what we do not know. In other words, they don't know that they don't know. In this stage our confidence exceeds our ability. We have little experience or skill. We are unaware of a deficiency in the subject/skill.

17. STAGE 2: Conscious Incompetence As our awareness evolves into this stage, we begin to realize how little we know. In this stage confidence drops as we realize our ability is limited. We feel uncomfortable. We become aware of the existence and relevance of the skill, as well as our deficiency in this area. We be gin t o re a liz e ho w much w e don‟ t kno w . Practicing the skill takes all our concentration. Much learning occurs

18. STAGE 3: Conscious Competence We achi e ve con s c i ou s competenc e in a s k ill w h e n we perform it consistently and willingly. We can perform the skill, but it takes attention and concentration. In this stage our confidence increases with our ability. We need to concentrate and think in order to perform the skill. We can perform the skill without assistance. We realize how much we have learned. This is the stage where many choose to remain. However, true mastery is not attained until the fourth stage of learning

19. STAGE 4: Unconscious Competence In the final stage, the skill becomes so practiced that it enters the unconscious parts of the brain and it becomes second nature. This is where we can do something effortlessly and without thinking about it. In this stage our confidence and ability have peaked. We no longer have to concentrate on what we know/do. We can do, but don't necessarily know how we do. This is the stage when the skill becomes almost a habit, we are able to be successful without concentration

20. Factors Affecting Learning There are many factors that influence learning including ability, motivation and desire to learn. Environmental Factors: Temperature, Light, Noise, Silence, Design, etc. Emotional Factors: Motivation, Persistence, Attention, likes and dislikes, responsibility, fear and anxiety. Social Factors: Self, peers, and teams. Physiological Factors : Perceptual (learning style), Intake (food, drink), Time, Mobility, etc. Cognitive Factors : These factors involve cognitive functions like attention, memory, and reasoning.

21. Assertive Behavior It is a Behavior which enables a person to act in his own best interests, to stand up for himself without undue anxiety, to express his honest feeling comfortably, or to exercise his own rights without denying the rights of others.