unitary and federal form of government-nityamukta.pptx

education

1. UNITARY AND FEDERAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT 1 POLITICAL SCIENCE II SUBMITTED TO:- DR. SAROJ CHOUDHARY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AMITY LAW SCHOOL SUBMITTED BY:- N ITYAMUKTA AHIRWAR ENROLLMENT – A61011122 045 BALLB(H ) II SEM

2. CONTENT LIST Introduction Unitary government Advantages of Unitary government Disadvantages of Unitary government Federal government Advantages of Federal government Disadvantages of Federal government Distinction between Unitary and Federal government Conclusion

3. 4 INTRODUCTION Unitary and federal systems were the two main political structures that developed due to the division of authority among the many political subdivisions of a state. The lines between the unitary and federal have blurred due to the changing character of the state and economy in the years after World War II. Most political systems in use today have both unitary and federal elements. Therefore, we must determine whether a government is fundamentally federal or fundamentally unitary.

4. 5 UNITARY GOVERNMENT   A unitary government is one in which the whole government is under the sole jurisdiction of one power, known as the central government . The center is where all administrative divisions and powers are located. Both democracy and a monarchy can be forms of unitary administration . All the power and the authority is vested in one hand . Example – Japan, England, France ,Sri Lanka.

5. The key benefits of a unitary system of government are  A unitary structure is best suited for smaller countries. There is less funding required because there is less total power. Because only one authority makes choices, unitary structures have rapid decision-making. Because the center holds all the authority, disagreements are less likely. 6 ADVANTAGES OF UNITARY GOVERNMENT

6. Countries with expansive geographic areas should not use the unitary system. Because the center alone holds the absolute authority under a unitary government, they are unlikely to have access to rural areas. the central government may be unaware of the issues and requirements of those who live in rural regions. The central government is typically overburdened with duties and activities, which results in a lack of efficiency. Under a unitary system of governance, the nation could experience uneven growth and development. Without delegation of authority and powers, it may be exceedingly difficult for the central government to develop every area of the country at once. 7 Disadvantages of Unitary System

7. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT It is a system of government that divides the power between a large central government and the local and regional government were established by the constitution. It is composed of 3 branches of legislative, executive and judicial . The national government is known as federal government of the central government or the union government is known as the state government or the provincial government. Powers are divided between the Central and the State government. Examples- U.S.A., Canada, Russia, Brazil .

8. 9 The following are the primary benefits of the federal system of government: The concentration of power breeds tyranny. The federal structure protects the division of powers, which deters tyranny or dictatorship. This structure is effective in governance and administration since authority is shared between the union and the state. The nation’s states or provinces have some unique rights. The separation of authority between the federal and state governments results in effective resource use. The national government can concentrate more on foreign policy and defense while the state governments can take care of local issues. Advantages of the Federal System

9. 10 Disadvantages of the Federal System The federal system has significant drawbacks in addition to its advantages. Which are: T his type of governance is expensive since there are numerous candidates for office at the national and state levels. an excessive number of elected officials with overlapping responsibilities might encourage corruption. Natural resources, job prospects, etc., vary by area and state, facilitating regional inequality. Sometimes , it gets harder to make decisions .

10. Federal Structure Unitary Structure There are two levels of government under this structure. There is only one level of government under this structure In this structure of government, the power is divided between the centre and the state. There is no such division of power. The whole power is vested in a single authority, i.e. the centre. The Constitution under this system can only be amended by a special procedure. The Constitution can be changed by the supreme authority, i.e. the centre. There are separate legislatures both at the central and the state level. It only has a central legislature. Under this system, the judiciary has the power to interfere in the decisions of the government The judiciary may or may not interfere in the decisions of the government. Distinction Between Federal and Unitary Structure of Government

11. 12 CONCLUSION Two of the most typical organizational structures for nations are federal and unitary. In a federal system, national, regional, and local authorities share power and authority; in a unitary system, power is concentrated in the hands of the central government. The foundations of the two systems are different. The federal system develops rules and regulations that better address the needs and interests of local communities, whereas the unitary government tries to establish a coherent and unified nation. In conclusion, it may be said that the Indian constitution is a hybrid of a unitary and a federal state, with more traits favoring the latter. As a result, the Indian constitution is mostly federal with some unitary elements for promoting national cohesion.

12. 13