UNIVERSITIES in IKS Ancient India fafafadfad

Universities in IKS

1. UNIVERSITIES AND ANCIENT EDUCATIONAL CENTRES

2. Agenda Nalanda University Taxila University Vikramashila University Pushpagiri University

3. LOCATION & HISTORY Nalanda University was a world-renowned centre of learning that was located in present-day Bihar . It was Founded in Gupta Dynasty 5th century CE . It was founded in the and became one of the most renowned Buddhist universities in the world.

4. CURRICULUM AND SUBJECTS Buddhist studies Indian philosophy Religion Logic It attracted scholars from all over India, China, Tibet, Persia, and other parts of Asia. Grammar Mathematics Astronomy Medicine Arts

5. TEACHING One of the star teachers who taught at Nalanda University was Aryabhata . Yes, the astronomer and mathematician who gave the world the concept of Zero back in the 5th century CE. Education at Nalanda was based in debates, discussions and dialogue with teacher.

6. LIBRARY AND KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORY Renowned for its vast library ‘ Dharmaganj ’ which had rich collection of manuscripts and texts on various subjects. The library served a hub of scholarly research , translation of texts and preservation of knowledge

7. TAXILA UNIVERSITY The World’s oldest University

8. LOCATION AND HISTORY Taxila University, located in near present-day Islamabad, Pakistan. Located in the Taxila Tehsil of Rawalpindi District. Pothohar region of (northwest)Punjab , Pakistan

9. HISTORY Its origins can be traced back to the 5th century BCE in Vedic Period flourishing in Mauryan and Kushan Rule. This was 3000 yrs ago! According to the Ramayan , King Bharat instituted the town in the name of his son, Taksha . Takshashila had to face the brunt of attacks. And invasions from the north & the west. Thus the Persians, Greeks, Parthians , Shakas and Kushanas laid their destructive marks on this institution. The final blow, however, came from the Huns.

10. FACULTY The panel of masters included renowned names like: Kautilya (author of the Arthashastra ) Panini (codifier of Sanskrit into today’s form) Jivak (medicine) Vishnu Sharma ( Panchtantra ).

11. CURRICULUM AND SUBJECTS Philosophy Theology Grammar Medicine Warfare Politics Commerce Sanskrit was the main medium of teaching.

12. TEACHING METHODS Close mentorship between Guru & Shishya Methods included lectures , debates and practical demonstrations.

13. MULTICULTARAL ENVIRONMENT Attracted scholars from various parts of India, Central Asia, Greece & Persia. It promoted cross-cultural understanding

14. LEGACY AND INFLUENCE Cross-cultural interaction Diverse traditions Contribution of philosophical thoughts Scientific inquiry Literary achievements

15. LOCATION AND HISTORY Located near present-day Bhagalpur in Bihar . Established by King Dharmapala of Pala Dynasty. Established in 8 th Century. Major Centre of Buddhist Learning.

16. CURRICULUM AND SUBJECTS Buddhist Philosophy Logic Tantric Vidya Grammar Medicine Astrology

17. TEACHING METHODS Rigorous Scholarships Textual Analysis Dialectical Reasoning Debates Discussions

18. DECLINE AND LEGACY Around 1193 , it was destroyed by the forces of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji . Decline of Buddhism in India. Legacy continues as India’s cultural & Intellectual Heritage

19. LIBRARY AND MANUSCRIPTS Buddhist Scriptures Buddhist Literature Commentaries Scholarly Works Translation of texts in different languages

20. LOCATION AND HISTORY Located near present-day Odisha Established by King Ashok Flourished by Kalinga Dynasty. Established in 8 th Century. Major Centre of Buddhist Learning.

21. CURRICULUM AND SUBJECTS Philosophy Literature Mathematics Astronomy Medicine Sculpture

22. TEACHING METHODS Rigorous Scholarships Textual Analysis Dialectical Reasoning Debates Discussions

23. Archaeological Discoveries Monastic Complexes Stupas Sculptures Artifacts Centre of Education & Religious Practices

24. CULTURAL & RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE Spread of Hindu and Buddhist teachings Foster Religious Tolerance Syncretism ( sync of different beliefs and traditions Developed Regional art and Architecture Exemplified its intricate sculptures and temple complexes

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