University Malaya ISLAMIC LAW lecture notes.pdf

University Malaya UM Islamic Law notes

1. SumberUndang-Undang–Undang-
UndangIslam
Dalamhalini,RJWilkinson,PaperonMalaySubjects
LawPart1,1922,p.49,pernahberkata;
TherecanbenodoubtthatMoslemLawwould
haveendedbecomingthelawofMalayahadnot
BritishLawsteppedintocheckit.
ShaikAbdulLatifandothersv.ShaikEliasBux,[1915]1
FMSLR204.
Beforethefirsttreatiesthepopulationofthese
statesconsistedalmostsolelyofMohammadan
MalayswithlargeindustrialandminingChinesein
theirmidst.Theonlylawatthattimeapplicableto
MalayswasMohammedanmodifiedbylocal
customs.

2. ISLAMIC LAW
IslamspreadinSoutheastAsiasincethe13
th
century
andwascenteredinMalaccaduringthe15
th
century.
TheeffectsofthedevelopmentofIslamiclaw:
AlterationandmodificationoftheMalayadatlawin
accordancewithIslamiclaw
MalaystatesconsequentlyadoptedIslamiclaw.Forexample:
RisalahHukumKanunorUndang-undangMelaka
RisalahHukumKanun-adoptedinMalacca,PahangandJohore
MajallahAhkamJohore
HanafiCodeofQadriPasha
Also,inthedevelopmentofLawsofTerengganu1911,there
wereinfluencesofIslamiclaw

3. Before the arrival of the British,
Islamic law which has been modified
by Malay AdatLaws was practiced.
Refer to these cases:
ShaikAbdul Latif& Ors v ShaikElias Bux(1915)
1 F.M.S.L.R 204
Ramah v Laton(1927) 6 F.M.S.L.R 128
See also Straits Settlements’ cases:
Regina v Willans(1856) 3 Ky16
YeapCheahNeo v OngCheng Neo(1872) 1 Ky
326;
Isaac Penhasv Tan SooEng(1953) MLJ 73

4. SumberUndang-Undang–Undang-
UndangIslam
KedatanganBritishsememangnyatelahmenyekat
prosesperkembanganundang-undangIslam.
GovernmentofPerakv.Adams,[1914]2FMSLR44.
IndealingwithcasesoftorttheCourthasalways
turnedforguidanceastofundamentalprinciples
toEnglishdecisions.
MohamedGunnyv.VeeranKutty,[1930]7FMSLR170.
Butalthoughnocodeofcivilwrongshasever
beenpassedthecourtsinthiscountryhave
alwaysfollowedthelaofEngland.

5. SumberUndang-UndangIslam ?
DidalamIslamterdapatempatsumberrasmi
undang-undangIslamyangdiiktirafiaituAl-Quran,
HadisdansunnahRasul,QiasdanIjma.
Al-Quranmerupakanarahansertapanduanyang
diturunkanolehAllahs.w.t.Sunnahpulamerupakan
hadis-hadissahihyangdiperolehidaripadaNabi
Muhammads.a.w.ManakalaIjmapulaadalah
persetujuanataupermuafakatanahliijtihaddariumat
nabiMuhammads.a.w.selepasbagindawafatmengenai
sesuatuisuberkenaanhukumsyarak.Qiaspula
membawamaksudsuatuperbandinganyangdilakukan
mengenaisuatuhukumdalamperkarayangbaru
wujuddenganperkarayangsudahadahukumnya
berdasrkankepadaAl-QurandanSunnahNabi
Muhammads.a.w.

6. Islam dibawahPerlembagaan?
Artikel3(1)PerlembagaanPersekutuan
yangberbunyi;
UgamaIslamialahugamabagi
Persekutuan;tetapiugama-ugamalain
bolehdiamalkandenganamandandamai
dimana-manabahagianPersekutuan.
Walaupun,Islammerupakanagamarasmi
namuniatidaklangsungmenghalang
agama-agamalaindaridiamalkansecara
amandiMalaysia.

7. Artikel4(1) PP
TunkuAbdulRahman,pada1May1958,
semasabercakapdiParlimenada
menerangkanbahawa;
Iwouldliketomakeitclearthatthis
countryisnotanIslamicStateasis
generallyunderstood,wemerelyprovide
thatIslamshallbetheofficialoftheState.

8. Che Omar Che Soh v. Public Prosecutor
[1988]1LNS150
Thefirstpointtoconsiderhereisthemeaningwhichcouldbegiventothe
expression"Islam"or"Islamicreligion"inArticle3oftheConstitution.If
thereligionofIslaminthecontextmeansonlysuchactsasrelatetorituals
andceremonies,theargumenthasnobasiswhatsoever.Ontheotherhand,
ifthereligionofIslamorIslamitselfisanall-embracingconcept,asis
normallyunderstood,whichconsistsnotonlytheritualisticaspectbutalso
acomprehensivesystemoflife,includingitsjurisprudenceandmoral
standard,thenthesubmissionhasagreatimplicationinthateverylawhas
tobetestedaccordingtothisyard-stick.TherecanbenodoubtthatIslam
isnotjustamerecollectionofdogmasandritualsbutitisacompleteway
oflifecoveringallfieldsofhumanactivities,maytheybeprivateorpublic,
legal,political,economic,social,cultural,moralorjudicial.Thiswayof
orderingthelifewithallthepreceptsandmoralstandardsisbasedon
divineguidancethroughhisprophetsandthelastofsuchguidanceisthe
QuranandthelastmessengerisMohammadS.A.W.whoseconductand
utterancesarerevered.(SeeS.AbdulA'laMaududi,TheIslamicLawand
Constitution,7thEd.,March1980.)
LihatkesTeohEngHuatv.TheKadhiOfPasirMas,Kelantan&Anor[1990]1
CLJ277.

9. ISLAMIC LAW UNDER THE
FEDERAL CONSTITUTION
(a)Article 3
ISLAM ADALAH AGAMA BAGI PERSEKUTUN;
TETAPI AGAMA-AGAMA LAIN BOLEH
DIAMALKAN DENGAN AMAN DAN DAMAI DI
MANA-MANA BAHAGIAN OERSEKUTUAN
(b)Article 11
(c)Article 160 (does not clearly include Islamic law in
the definition of law)
Cases:
CheOmar bin CheSoh& Anorv PP[1988] 2 MLJ 55
Jamaluddinbin Othman v MenteriHal EhwalDalam
Negeri(1989) 1 MLJ 368
TeohEng Huatv Kadhi, PasirMas[1990] 2 MLJ 300

10. Artikel 160 Perlembagaan
Persekutuan
“Undang-undang”termasuklahundang-undangbertulis,
commonlawsetakatyangberkuatkuasadidalam
Persekutuanataumana-manabahagiannya,danapa-apa
adatataukelazimanyangmempunyaikuatkuasaundang-
undangdidalamPersekutuanataumana-mana
bahagiannya.
tidakmemperuntukkanundang-undangIslamsebagai
salahsatusumberundang-undangdiMalaysia.
Olehyangdemikian,adalahbenaruntukmengatakan
bahawaundang-undangIslamketikainihanyamenjadi
undang-undangperibadimasyarakatIslamsemata-mata
dandiperingkatPersekutuanpulaiahanyadilihat
sebagaiagamarasmiyangdigunakanuntuktujuan-tujuan
rasmisemata-mata.

11. Ninth Schedule, List II of the Federal
Constitution provides for state power in
respect of HukumSyarak
Islamiclawandpersonalfamilylawofpersonsprofessingthereligionof
Islam,includingtheIslamiclawrelatingtosuccession,testateandintestate,
betrothal,marriage,divorce,dower,maintenance,adoption,legitimacy,
guardianship,gifts,partitionsandnon-charitabletrusts;Wakafsandthe
definitionandregulationofcharitableandreligioustrusts,theappointment
oftrusteesandtheincorporationofpersonsinrespectofIslamicreligious
andcharitableendowments,institutions,trusts,charities,andcharitable
institutionsoperatingwhollywithintheState:Malaycustoms;Zakat,Fitrah
andBaitulmalorsimilarIslamicreligiousrevenue;mosquesoranyIslamic
publicplacesofworship,creationandpunishmentofoffencesbypersons
professingthereligionofIslamagainstperceptsofthatreligion,exceptin
regardtomattersincludedintheFederalList;theconstitution,
organizationandprocedureofSyariahcourts,whichshallhavejurisdiction
onlyoverpersonsprofessingthereligionofIslamandinrespectonlyof
anyofthemattersincludedinthisparagraph,butshallnothavejurisdiction
inrespectofoffencesexceptinsofarasconferredbyfederallaw,the
controlofpropagatingdoctrinesandbeliefsamongpersonsprofessingthe
religionofIslam;thedeterminationofmattersofIslamiclawandMalay
custom.

12. Its effect:
Syariahcourts’jurisdictiononlyrestrictedto:
(a)PersonsprofessingthereligionofIslam;
and
(b)Mattersprovidedforthestate
governments.
CASES ?
Mamatbin Daud& Ors v Government of
Malaysia[1988] 1 MLJ 119

13. APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC LAW PRIOR TO 1988
Jurisdictional conflict between the Syariahcourts and the Civil
courts occur because of:
(a)Confusion on the interpretation required.
 Case:
 Nafsiahv Abdul Majid[1969] 2 MLJ 174
(b)Decisions made by the SyariahCourts are easily overruled by
the Civil Courts.
 Case:
 Myriamv MohdAriff[1971] 1 MLJ 265
 Roberts alias Kamarulzamanv UmmiKalthom[1966] 1 MLJ
163
 Commissioner for Religious Affairs, Terengganu v Tengku
MariambintiTengkuSri WaRaja & Anor[1970] 1 MLJ 222

14. OTHER CASES ?
AinanvSyedAbuBakar[1939]MLJ209
ReDatoBentaraLuar[1982]2MLJ264
MustakAhmedvAbdulWahid[1987]2MLJ
449
TengkuHajiJaafarIbniAlmarhumTengku
MudaAli&AnorvGovernmentofPahang
(1987)2MLJ74
TeohEngHuatvKadhiPasirMas[1990]2
MLJ200

15. ARTICLE 121 AND ARTICLE
121(A) OF THE
CONSTITUTION
Article 121(1A) was inserted through the Constitution
(Amendment) Act 1988 (Act 704):
High Courts and inferior courts established by federal
law “shall have no jurisdiction in respect of any matter
within the jurisdiction of the Syariahcourts.”
Cases:
MohdHabibullahv Faridah[1993] 1 SCR 229
DalipKaurv PegawaiPolis Daerah (OCPD) BalaiPolis Bukit
Mertajam& MajlisAgama Islam NegeriKedah Darulaman
[1992] 1 SCR 257
SukmaDarmawanSamitaatMadjav KetuaPengarah
PenjaraMalaysia & Anor[1948] 4 MLJ 742

16. Artikel121(1A) PP
BerdasarkankepadaArtikel121(1A)PerlembagaanPersekutuaninijelasmenunjukkanbahawa
apabilasesuatukesiniterjatuhdidalambidangkuasaMahkamahSyariahuntukmengadilinya
makaMahkamahSiviltidakbolehmasukcampur.
ArtikelinitelahdimasukkankedalamPerlembagaanPersekutuanmelaluipindaanoleh
sekayanAktaA704,yangtelahberkuatkuasapada10Jun,1988.
PindaaninidirasakanadalahperlukeranasebelumkewujudanArtikel121(1A)Perlembagaan
Persekutuanini,kebanyakankesyangdiputuskanolehMahkamahSyarikahakandirayuke
MahkamahSivildankeputusanMahkamahSivilkemudiannyabolehdikuatkuasakanmengatasi
MahkamahSyariah.
Perkarainisecaratidaklangsungtelahmewujudkanpertindahanbidangkuasadiantara
MahkamahSyariahdanMahkamahSivil.
Kes-kes?
i.Myriamv.MohamedAriff[1971]1M.L.J.265.
ii.Nafsiahv.AbdulMajid[1969]2M.L.J.174.
KonflikbidangkuasainikemudiannyatelahberjayadiselesaikandenganadanyaArtikel121(1A)
PerlembagaanPersekutuanini.
MahkamahSivilselepaspindaan,telahmenerimahakikatbahawaapabilasesuatukesini
beradadibawahbidangkuasaMahkamahSyariahmakaMahkamahSiviltidakbolehmasuk
campur.

17. Kes-KesSelepasPindaan?
AbdulShaikbinMdIbrahim&AnorvHusseinbinIbrahim&Ors[1999]5MLJ618.
DarmawanSasmitaatMadjavKetuaPengarahPenjara,Malaysia&Anor[1999]2MLJ
241.
Sarwaria[sol]pAinuddinv.AbdulAziza[sol]lAinuddin(No2)[2001]6MLJ737.
MohamedHabibullahbinMahmoodv.FaridahbintiDatoTalib[1992]2MLJ793.
MajlisAgamaIslamPulauPinangv.IsaAbdulRahman&satuyanglain[1992]2M.L.J.
244.
DalipKaurvPegawaiPolisDaerah,BukitMertajam&Anor[1992]1MLJ1
MajlisAgamaIslamPulauPinangvIsaAbdulRahman&satuyanglain[1992]2MLJ
244
SoonSingha[sol]lBikarSinghvPertubuhanKebajikanIslamMalaysia(PERKIM)Kedah
&Anor[1999]1MLJ489
HajahAminbteKassimv.HjAbdulRashidbinAbdHamid[1993]2MLJ338.
MansorbinMatTahirv.KadiDaerahPendangKedah&Anor[1989]1MLJ106.

18. NEW CASES –MUST READ
INDIRA GANDHI MUTHO [2018] 1
LNS 86
LINA JOY [2004] 6 CLJ 242

19. SYARIAH COURTS
SyariahCourtsarestatecourts,exceptintheFederal
TerritoryofKualaLumpurandLabuanwhereSyariah
CourtsaresubjecttoFederalauthorityand
Parliament.[RefertotheAdministrationofIslamic
Law(FederalTerritories)Act1993(Act505)].
SyariahCourtswereestablishedinallstatesthrough
respectiveStateenactments.Theprovisionsinthese
enactmentsarequitesimilar.Forexample,referto:
AdministrationofIslamicLawEnactment1989
(Selangor);
SyariahCourtsEnactment1991(Perlis);
SyariahCourtsEnactment1993(Kedah);and
AdministrationofIslamicLawAct1993(Federal
Territories).

20. Court Structure
SyariahSubordinate Courts.
(b)SyariahHigh Court.
(c)SyariahAppeal Court, which consists
of:
the Chief SyariahJudge; and
two SyariahAppeal Court Judges selected
by the Chief SyariahJudges.

21. Judges
SyariahCourt judges are appointed by the
states’ respective Sultans
Federal Territories’ judges are appointed
by the Yang di-PertuanAgong

22. Jurisdiction
TheSyariahcourtsmayhearcriminaloffences
committedbyMuslims;
TheSyariahCourthavejurisdictionoveroffences
relatingtomarriage,sexualoffencessuchaskhalwatand
zina,consumptionofliquor,non-paymentofzakator
fitrahandfailuretofastduringRamadhan.
Cases:
SukmaDermawanSasmitaatMadjavKetuaPengarah
PenjaraMalaysia&Anor[1998]4MLJ742
MohdHabibullahbinMahmoodvFaridah[supra]
NorKursiabtBaharuddinvShahrilbinLamin&Anor
[1997]1MLJ537
MdHakimLeevMajlisAgamaIslamWilayahPersekutuan,
KualaLumpur[1998]1MLJ681