Updated_Hydrologic Cycle runoff as a main component

hydrologic cycle runoff as main component

1. Hydrology in Water Resources Planning & Hydrologic Cycle (Rainfall, Surface Runoff & Sub-Surface Runoff as Components of Hydrologic Cycle) Presented By: Anushka Tiwari M.Tech . ( 1st Year ) Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering SV College of Agricultural Engineering & Research Station, Raipur (CG)

2. HYDROLOGY Sum of two terms: Hydro + Logus . Science of water. It is the science that deals with the occurrence, circulation and distribution of water of the earth and earths atmosphere. Hydro means Water Logus means Study

3. Hydrology in Water Resources Planning Designing drainage systems. Assessing export of sediments & nutrients from fields to water systems. Designing irrigation schemes . Designing urban drinking water & sewer systems. Assessing impacts of natural & human-induced environmental change on water resources. Determining agricultural water balance. Designing buffers. Determining the water balance for a region. Predicting floods.

4. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE It refers to the continuous circulation of water within the earth’s hydro-sphere. Also known as Water Cycle.

5. Components of hydrologic cycle

6. EVAPORATION CONDENSATION PRECIPITATION The sun is heating the ocean water Water droplets are condensing together The clouds have been holding water causing it to evaporate. to form in to clouds. in them long enough. RUNOFF TRANSPIRATION THE SUN

7. CONDENSATION When the sun heats up the rivers, lakes and oceans, the water turns into vapor or steam and goes into the air. The sun is the ultimate source of energy, and it powers most of the evaporation that occurs on earth. It refers to the transformation of evaporated water vapors into liquid water droplets suspended in the air as clouds or fog. It is important process to convert the evaporated water into liquid state. EVAPORATION

8. PRECIPITATION It is the fall of atmospheric water to the ground surface. The water becomes available for its distribution and circulation on the above and below the earth surface. It is the primary connection in the water cycle that provides for the delivery of atmospheric water to the earth.

9. TRANSPIRATION It is a process of water loss from plants leaves through respiration. In hydrologic cycle about 10% water or moisture is added to the atmosphere by transpiration process.

10. INFILTERATION It is defined as the entry of water into the soil. It is treated as the input process for ground water occurrence. PERCOLATION Percolation is the movement of water though the soil, and its layers, by gravity and capillary forces.

11. THE RUNOFF Runoff occurs when there is excessive precipitation and the ground is saturated cannot absorb anymore water. Rivers and lakes are result of runoff. Runoff is categorized into surface and sub-surface runoff. surface runoff is that part of the runoff which travels over the ground surface thought the channels/ streams /rivers to reach the basin outlet. Sub- surface or indirect runoff points to the flow of precipitated water below the soil surface leading to water- table

12. Surface runoff

13. Sub-