Introduction 3
That is, in the face of “the looming ecological catastrophe,” the “for-
ward march of neuroscience,” and the “increasing infiltration of tech-
nology into the everyday world” (Bryant, Srnicek, and Harman 2011, 3),
there is a growing sense that a focus on interpretation is incapable of
confronting these events. What we need instead, the thought goes, is
new ways of understanding reality beyond human “exceptionalism,”
that is, to reexamine the question of what constitutes a human being in a
way that recognizes our entanglement with nonhuman others – perhaps,
first, through “a contestation of the excessive power granted to language
to determine what is real” (Barad 2003, 802) and then “speculating
once more about the nature of reality independently of thought and of
humanity more generally” (Bryant, Srnicek, and Harman 2011, 3).
Because of hermeneutics’ preoccupation with interpretation, meaning,
(con)text, language, and culture as what constitutes reality, it is often
named together with poststructuralism and deconstruction under the
general rubric of “postmodern” thought, which is seen as leaving the
door wide open to all kinds of relativism, skepticism, and anti-realism.
Indeed, within a climate which calls for the rejection of interpretivism,
poststructuralism, and deconstruction in defense of realism, material-
ism, and objectivity in facing such challenges as the ecological crisis, the
increasing impact of science and technology on our self-understandings
and social worlds, and the ever-growing danger of political polarization
in a “post-truth” climate, it would seem that a postmodernist mode of
thought such as hermeneutics even “actively limits the capacities of phi-
losophy in our time” (Bryant, Srnicek, and Harman 2011, 3).
On this conception, hermeneutics is simply outdated. At best, it is
incapable of dealing with today’s problems; at worst, it is sympto-
matic of those problems. It is “incapable” because major issues such
as climate change and technologization seem to reach way beyond our
capacity for (self-)interpretation. It is “symptomatic” because the very
interest in the capacity for interpretation may well have led to a fas-
cination with an array of contingent (or even “patriarchal”) features
of human life at the expense of nonhuman life forms. Moreover, the
hermeneutic
insistence on the autonomy of the human sciences may
have blinded us to the continuing breach of the divide between human
and machine, while the fixation on textual and ideological critique may have hindered genuine and effective moral and political action. Perhaps, then, the very idea of the human being as a “text-analogue” has fostered a kind of tunnel vision, a “reduction of philosophy to an analysis of texts or of the structure of consciousness” as part of a “general anti-realist trend” in postmodern continental philosophy, “especially through preoccupation with such issues as death and fini-
tude, an aversion to science, a focus on language, culture, and subjec-
tivity to the detriment of material factors, an anthropocentric stance towards nature, a relinquishing of the search for absolutes, and an