Use of Antitranspirants

Antitranspirants

1. WEL-COME
WELCOME

2. SUBMITTED BY:
Mr.SHIVAJI RAVASAHEB SURYAVANSHI
M.Sc. (AGRONOMY),
RCSM COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, KOLHAPUR
MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI .
Spray of Anti-transpirant
and their effects on crops

3. Anti-transpirants:
Antitranspirantsarethematerials/chemicalswhichapplied
tothetranspiringplantsurfaceswithaimtoreducingwaterloss
fromtheplant.
Approximately99%ofthewatertakenupbyplantrootsis
transpiredtotheatmospherethroughstomatalporesinthe
leaves.

5. Types of anti-transpirants:
1)StomatalClosing :
e.g. PMA, Attrazine
2) Film forming :
e.g. Mobileaf, Hexadeconol, Silicones etc.
3) Reflectant:
e.g. Kaoline(5 % Spray)
4) Growth retardants:
e.g. Cycocel(CCC)

6. Effect of anti-transpirants:
Ingeneralfieldcropsarehighlydependentoncurrent
photosynthesisforgrowthandyield.
Therefore,itisunlikelythatcurrentlyavailableanti-
transpirantwouldincreaseyieldofanannualcropunless
thecropsuffersstressedfrominadequatewaterand/ora
veryhighevaporativedemand,particularlyduringa
moisturesensitivestageofdevelopment.
Fuahring(1973)sprayedstomatainhibitingorfilm
forminganti-transpirantsonSorghumunderlimited
irrigationconditions,hefoundthatgrainyieldincreased
5to17%.Theapplicationofanti-transpirantsjust
beforethebootstagewasmoreeffectivethanlater
sprays.

7. Carbondioxideisaneffectiveanti-
transpirants.
AlittleriseinCO
2concentrationfromthe
naturalo.o3%to0.05%inducespartial
closureofstomata.
Itshigherconcentrationcannotbeused
whichresultsincompleteclosureofstomata
affectingadverselythephotosynthesisand
respiration.

8. Treatment 1986-87
(Yield
kg/ha)
%
Increase
1987-88
(Yield
kg/ha)
%
Increase
Control 773 638
Kaoline(1.25 %) 914 18.3 118 12.5
Hico-110 R (1
ml/L)
889 15 735 15.3
Atonik+ Kaoline 077 26.4 750 17.6
Ascorbic Acid +
PMA (10 ppm)
906 17.1 710 11.4
Response of hirsutumcotton to various anti-
transpirants
( Dhopteand Jamadar, 1995)

9. Preparation of
appropriate crop plans
for dry land areas

10. Croppingsystem:
Croppingsystemmaybedefinedastheorderinwhichthe
cropsarecultivatedonapieceoflandoverafixedperiod.
Inshortitispatternofcropsforagivenpieceofland.
Croppingpattern:
Theyearlysequenceandspatialarrangementofcropsand
fallowinanarea.

11. 1.Monocropping–
Singlecropisgrownonceinayear.
2.Intercropping–
Pairedrow,skiprow,normalplanting.
3.Ratooncropping–
e.g.Hybridsorghum,pigeonpea
4.Relaycropping–
Beforeharvestofpreviouscropwhencropreaches
Physiologicalmaturitycropissown.
e.g.InKonkan,Chickpeaorlentilissownbeforeharvestofpaddy.

12. 1. Traditional cropping systems followed
by farmers
Arid region Semiarid region
Vertisols EntisolsAlfisols
-Rajasthan, part
of Haryana
-Rainfall 300 to
400 mm
-Single crop
system
-Pearlmillet /
moth bean /
Horse gram
Mainly Kharif
Cropping Cotton
or mixed with
sorghum &
pigeon pea
MP-Rainfed
Wheat No
ChoiceforCrop
selection
Solapur
-Rabi
cropping
-Sorghum/
gram/
safflower
(25to30cmsoil
depth)
Pearlmillet,
Groundnut,
Horsegram,
Pigeonpea
Hyderabad /
Bangalore
-Kharif
cropping
-Fingermillet
-Rice
-Double
cropping not
followed.

13. 2. Cropping systems followed in different
rainfall region
Rainfall (mm) Broad soil group Growing
season (weeks)
Cropping system
350-650 Alfisols + shallow
vertisols, Aridisols +
entisols
< 20 Single rainy crop
350-650 Deep aridisols&
inceptisols
20 Either rainy or post
rainy season crop
350-650 Deep verisols 20 Sole post rainy crop
rabi sorghum
650-800 Alfisols, vertisols,
inceptisols
20-30 Intercropping
800 & above Deep vertisols, deep
aridsols, entisols
>30 Double cropping

14. Cropping system suggested by research workers
Arid region
Semiarid region
Vertisols(Black) Alfisols(Red)
i.Monocropping
ii.Doublecropping
iii.Intercropping–
PearlMillet,
chickpea, castor,
Clusterbean
Kharifseason
i.Doublecropping
Maize–sorghum(R)
Maize–Chickpea/safflower
Wettervertisols(MP)
Rice–wheat
Greengram–sorghum
Intercropping(MPregion)
Maize+pigeonpea,soybean+pigeonpea
DryVertisols–Kharif
-Pearlmillet+mothbean,marvel+moth
bean
-Sunflower+pigeonpea,Sunflower+
groundnut
-Rabi–safflower+chickpea,soybean+
linseed
AP–Sorghum+pigeonpea,groundnut+
pigeonpea
Kharifpredominantcereal+
Pulses,maize+groundnut
Pigeonpea+castor
Sorghum+pigeonpea
Pigeonpea+groundnut

15. Indices for cropping system
1.Land equivalent ratio:
It is generally used to identify best intercropping system.
YabYab
LER = --------+ ------------
YaaYbb
Where,
Yab= Yield of ‘a’ crop in association with ‘b’ crop
Yba= Yield of ‘b’ crop in association with ‘a’ crop
Yaa= Yield of main crop‘a’
Ybb= Yield of main crop ‘b’

16. Sustainable yield index(SYI) :
Itisdefinedasthepracticewhichgivesmaximumyield.
Atleast5-6yearsdatamustbeavailableforcalculatingSYI.
¯Y -δ
SYI=----------------
Ymaximum
Where,
δ=Estimatedstandarddeviation
¯Y=Estimatedaverageyieldofapracticeovertheyears
Y=maximum=Maximumobservedyieldinthe experiment

17. Mixed cropping:
Growingoftwoormorecropssimultaneously
onthesamepieceoflandwithoutanyrow
pattern.
Sequencecropping(croprotation):
Itcanbeadefinedasgrowingoftwoormore
cropsinasequenceonthesamepieceoflandina
farmingyear.
Relaycropping:
Itreferstosowingofthesucceedingcrop
beforeharvestingofprecedingcrop.
Ratooncropping:
Itreferstoraisingacropwithre-growth
comingoutofrootsorstalksharvestofthecrop.

18. Crop planning as per the soil depth
S.N. Soil typeDepth (cm) Suggested cropping
1 Very
shallow
soils
7.5 a)Fruitcrops–Ber,Aonla,Pomegranate,Tamarind
b)Improvedgrasses–Madrasanjan,Marvel–8,stylo
2Shallow soil7.5 to 22.5Fieldcrops–horsegram,mothbean,castor
Pearlmillet+pigeonpeaintercropping
3.Medium
deep soil
a)22.5 to 45
b) 45 to 60
c) 60 to 90
Sunflower+pigeonpeaintercropping
Pearlmillet+pigeonpeaintercropping
Sunflower,groundnut,castor,setaria–kharifPearl
millet+pigeonpeaintercropping,solecroppingof
pearlmillet,sunflower,greengram,groundnutin
kharif
Solecropofsorghum,safflower,chickpea
Doublecroppinggreengram–sorghum
Doublecroppingpearlmillet–chickpea
solecropofsorghum,safflower,chickpeaand
sunflower
4Deep soil More than
90
Greengram–sorghum,sunflower–chickpeasole
cropofsorghum,safflower,chickpeaandsunflower

19. Thank You…