UTI_in_Children_MBBS_sssPresentation.pptx

Uti in children among different ages

1. Urinary Tract Infection in Children UG MBBS Level Presentation

2. Introduction • Definition: Infection of any part of the urinary system. • Common in infants and young children. • Important due to risk of renal scarring and complications.

3. Epidemiology • Infants <1 year: Boys > Girls • >1 year: Girls > Boys • 3–5% of girls and 1% of boys have UTI by age 5.

4. Etiology • Most common: Escherichia coli (80–90%) • Others: Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas

5. Risk Factors • Female gender • Poor hygiene • Constipation • Urinary stasis, VUR • Obstruction, Catheterization

6. Classification • Site: Lower (Cystitis), Upper (Pyelonephritis) • Clinical: First vs Recurrent, Febrile vs Afebrile • Complicated vs Uncomplicated

7. Clinical Features • Infants: Fever, vomiting, poor feeding • Older children: Dysuria, urgency, fever, enuresis

8. Diagnosis • Urine collection: Clean catch, catheterization • Urinalysis: Pyuria, Nitrite + • Culture: >10⁵ CFU/mL • Imaging: USG, MCU, DMSA (selective)

9. Management • Antibiotics (empirical then culture-based) • Oral: Amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporins • IV: Ceftriaxone, gentamicin • Supportive care: Hydration, antipyretics

10. Prevention of Recurrence • Hydration • Treat constipation • Hygiene • Prophylactic antibiotics for recurrent cases • Surgery for anomalies

11. Complications • Renal scarring • Hypertension • CKD • Recurrent UTI • Urosepsis

12. Summary • UTI is common in children • Early diagnosis prevents complications • Imaging and prophylaxis as per severity • Regular follow-up is key

13. References • Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics • IAP Guidelines • NICE Clinical Guidelines (UK)