Various forms of education

Various forms of education

1. Various Forms of Education Dr.M.Deivam Assistant Professor Department of Education The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram , Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu – 624 302

2. Formal Education: Meaning “Formal education is that which is continuously and deliberately planned for modification of behaviour with a particular end in view.”

3. Characteristics It is pre-planned direct, organized and given in specific educational institutions such as schools and colleges. It is limited to a specific period and it has well-defined curriculum. I t is given by qualified and trained teachers. Formal education observe strict discipline.

4. Cont., Formal education can be primary, middle, secondary, higher secondary levels in the school, undergraduate and post graduate level in the colleges and universities which can be in Art, Science, Technical and Professional areas.

5. Merits Imbibes self- discipline Continuous learning Generates habit of reading & writing Education from qualified teachers

6. Informal Education: Meaning Informal Education is that education which an individual acquires without attending any educational organisation , system or institution. Example: Market place, A hotel, One’s sitting room talking with others constitute informal education, Television, radio and Films.

7. Characteristics I t is not pre-planned I t is indirect, incidental and spontaneous no specific agencies or institutions are there like schools to impart this type of education No formal ends or goals or objectives are there takes place from the day to day activities, experiences and living in the family or community or even in the school and colleges incidentally either through informal interaction or by observation of various things.

8. Cont., No prescribed time table or curriculum is there No qualified or trained teachers are there N o examinations or awarding of certificates take place It is provided by informal agencies such as home or family or community

9. Merits Anywhere & Anytime Takes place every location. Uses a variety of methods. Lifelong education. Focuses on Early stage development of learner.

10. Non-Formal Education Non-formal education refers to education that occurs outside the formal school system.  Non-formal education is often used interchangeably with terms such as community education, adult education, lifelong education and second-chance education.

11. Characteristics I t is intentional, incidental and given outside the formal system, i.e., school. I t is consciously and deliberately planned, organized and systematically implemented. It is an open system of education without rigid rules, regulations and fixed stages or time schedule. I t is a life-long process, integrated with life and work.

12. Cont., It is life oriented and environment based. It is intended for all ages. I t is programmed to serve the needs of identified groups of different categories if and when they need. It necessitates flexibility in designing the curriculum and the scheme of evaluation. social or adult education, distance education are the examples of non-formal education.

13. Merits According to UNESCO (2010),  non - formal education  helps to ensures equal access to  education , E radicate illiteracy among women Improve women's access to vocational training, science, technology and continuing  education . It also encourages the development of  non -discriminatory  education  and training.

14. B A S I S F o r m a l I n f orma l Non - Formal T ime Restricted till School or college. Life long process. Its is a continuous process. Mental strain Heavy No . Little . A g e n cy Schools, colleges, university. Home, market, playground, temple. Structured organization and institutes providing DE. A im Intellectual development of man. It lays stress practicality. All-round development of man. Curriculum Fixed syllabus and curriculum. Curriculum is the life itself. No fixed curriculum. There is need based syllabus. R u les It has rigid and fixed rules and regulations. There are no rules and regulations. It has flexible rules and regulations. S o ur c e Taught by trained teachers. It is received from any and every person. Taught by experienced trainers.

15. B A S I S F o r m a l I n f orma l Non - Formal Age Particular age No age limit No age limit Restriction Restriction of freedom All freedom No Restriction Result Always Good Sometime Negative Sometimes Good Sometimes Bad Place Place is fixed Not fixed Fixed for sometimes

16. Conclusion All these three types of education - formal, informal and non-formal, have their due place in the modern system of education. Each has its own merits and demerits. There is need to integrate the three forms and make education holistic and comprehensive.

17. Thank You