Vegetarianism poster

Food and Agriculture Global Perspectives Poster

1. Lacto&Vegetarians.
Vegans'abstain'from'consuming'
animal'products'of'any'type'
(including'fish'and'poultry).''By:
products'of'animal'cruelty'such'as'
eggs,'dairy,'honey'and'gelatin'are'also'
excluded'from'their'diets.''
.
Alsha'Patel''s16522' Food,'Water'and'Agriculture'
Vegans.
Pescetarians'consume'dairy'
products,'eggs'and'fish'however'
keep'away'from'any'other'type'of'
meat.'Many'categorize'pescetarians'
as'semi:vegetarians.'
Pescetarians..
A'lacto:vegetarian'diet'prevents'
people'from'eating'meat'and'eggs'
however'they'do'still'eat'dairy.'
Why.do.people.become.
vegetarian?.
Evaluate'the'causes'and'consequences'of'
vegetarianism'compared'to'a'meat:based'diet.'
What.is.a.vegetarian?.
Vegetarians'are'people'who'choose'not'to'eat'meat'of'any'sort'(red'
meat,'poultry,'seafood'and'the'flesh'of'any'other'animal).'Vegans,'and'
an'increasing'number'of'vegetarians,'also'avoid'wearing'or'using'
products'derived'from'animals'or'that'may'have'involved'cruelty'to'
animals:'so'no'leather,'wool,'silk,'bees'wax,'soap,'beauty'and'household'
products'that'contain'animal'products'or'have'been'tested'on'animals.''
Different'people'follow'different'forms'of'vegetarianism.'A'common'
vegetarian'(lacto:ovo:vegetarian)'eats'no'meat'at'all,'including'chicken'
and'fish,'however'they'do'consume'dairy'products.''On'the'right'is'list'
of'some'of'the'other'various'different'forms'of'vegetarian'diets.'
Some'macrobiotic'diets'fall'into'the'vegan'category.'Macrobiotic'diets'
restrict'not'only'animal'products'but'also'refined'and'processed'foods,'
foods'with'preservatives,'and'foods'that'contain'caffeine'or'other'
stimulants.''
Ovo&Vegetarians.
Fruitarian'is'an'uncommon'from'of'
vegetarian,'strictly'based'on'fruits.''
Fruitarians.
Jain&Vegetarians.
An'ovo:vegetarian'refrains'from'
meat'and'dairy,'however'still'eats'
eggs.'
Jain'vegetarianism'is'a'diet'
practiced'by'the'Jain'religion.'They'
eat'dairy'products'however'their'
diet'excludes'eggs,'meat'and'all'
foods'grown'underground'(root:
vegetables),'like'onions'and'carrots.'
Vegetarianism'can'be'adopted'
for'different'reasons.'Many'
people'object'to'eating'meat'out'
of'respect'for'sentient'life.'Such'
ethical'motivations'have'been'
codified'under'various'religious'
beliefs,'along'with'concern'over'
animal'rights.'Some'religions'
that'practice'vegetarianism'
include'Hinduism'and'Buddhism.'
'
For'much'of'the'world,'
vegetarianism'is'largely'a'matter'
of'economics:'Meat'costs'a'lot'
more'than,'say,'beans'or'rice,'so'
meat'becomes'a'special:occasion'dish'(if'it's'eaten'at'all).'Even'where'meat'is'
more'plentiful,'it's'still'used'in'moderation.'
'
Many'choose'to'go'vegetarian,'as'it'is'much'better'for'the'environment.'
Other'motivations'for'vegetarianism'are'health:related,'political,'cultural,'
aesthetic,'family'preference'etc.'
'
The'chart'above'shows'the'most'common'reasons'for'vegetarianism'is'that'
animal'cruelty'is'unethical'and'immoral.'

2. '
'
2'
Issue'#:'[Date]' Dolor'Sit'Amet'
What'effect'does'vegetarianism'have'on'the'
environment?'
Reduces'Air'
Pollution'
According'to'the'United'Nations,'a'
global'shift'toward'a'vegan'diet'is'
one'of'the'steps'necessary'to'combat'
the'worst'effects'of'climate'change.'
'
Aside'from'greenhouse'gases'such'as'
methane'and'carbon'dioxide,'cows'
and'pigs'produce'many'other'
polluting'gases.'Nearly'two'thirds'of'
the'manmade'ammonia'–'a'major'
contributor'to'acid'rain'–'is'also'
generated'by'livestock.'In'addition,'
concentrated'factory'farming'of'
animals'contributes'to'ozone'
pollution.'
'
Producing'2'pounds'of'beef'causes'
more'greenhouse:gas'emissions'than'
driving'a'car'for'three'hours'and'
uses'up'more'energy'than'leaving'
your'house'lights'on'for'the'same'
period'of'time.''
'
Factory'farms'also'produce'vast'
amounts'of'dust'and'other'
contaminates'that'pollute'the'air.''
Dust'produced'in'animal'feedlots'
contain'biologically'active'organisms'
such'as'bacteria,'mold,'and'fungi'
from'the'feces'and'the'feed.'And'
when'the'cesspools'holding'tons'of'
urine'and'feces'get'full,'factory'farms'
may'circumvent'water'pollution'
limits'by'spraying'liquid'manure'into'
the'air,'creating'mists'that'are'
carried'away'by'the'wind'and'
inhaled'by'nearby'residents.''
Reduces'Water'
Pollution'
A'cow'excretes'around'40kg'of'
manure'for'every'kilogram'of'edible'
beef'it'puts'on'and'when'you'have'
many'thousands'crowded'into'a'
small'area'the'effect'can'be'dramatic.'
Their'manure'and'urine'is'funneled'
into'massive'waste'lagoons'
sometimes'holding'as'many'as'40m'
gallons.'These'cesspools'often'break,'
leak'or'overflow,'polluting'
underground'water'supplies'and'
rivers'with'nitrogen,'phosphorus'
and'nitrates.'
Most'summers'between'13,000:
20,000'sq.'km'of'sea'at'the'mouth'of'
the'Mississippi'become'a'"dead'
zone",'caused'when'vast'quantities'
of'excess'nutrients'from'animal'
waste,'factory'farms,'sewage,'
nitrogen'compounds'and'fertilizer'
are'swept'down'the'mighty'river.'
This'causes'algal'blooms,'which'take'
up'all'the'oxygen'in'the'water'to'the'
point'where'little'can'live.'
Nearly'400'dead'zones'ranging'in'
size'from'one'to'over'70,000sq'km'
have'now'been'identified,'from'the'
Scandinavian'fjords'to'the'South'
China'Sea.'Animal'farming'is'not'the'
only'cause'for'this,'but'it'is'one'of'the'
worst.'
Reduces'
Deforestation'
Another'natural'resource'that'is'being'
threatened'today'by'the'increased'
production'of'livestock'is'the'
rainforest.'According'to'the'Nature'
Conservancy,'every'second'of'every'
day'one'football'field'of'rainforest'is'
being'destroyed.''
'
Much'of'this'forestland'is'being'cut'
down'to'farm'and'raise'livestock,'
which'is'then'exported'to'the'U.S.'and'
ends'up'in'fast:food'hamburgers.'
According'to'the'Rainforest'Action'
Network,'55'square'feet'of'tropical'
rainforest'are'destroyed'to'make'
every'fast:food'hamburger'made'from'
rainforest'cattle.'This'is'an'area'about'
the'size'of'a'small'kitchen'and'it'is'
gone'forever'each'time'one'of'these'
hamburgers'is'eaten.'It'is'even'worse'
because'with'each'square'foot'of'
rainforest'gone,'up'to'30'different'
plant'species,'100'different'insect'
species'and'dozens'of'bird,'mammal'
and'reptile'species'are'destroyed.''
'
The'rainforests'are'so'important'
because'half'of'the'species'on'earth'
live'in'them'and'the'forests'are'vital'
to'the'world’s'oxygen'supply.'
As'you'can'see'from'
the'graph,'meat'
produces'the'most'
carbon'dioxide'of'all'
foods.'
Alsha'Patel's16522''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''Food,'Water'and'Agriculture'

3. '
'
3'
Issue'#:'[Date]' Dolor'Sit'Amet'
The'map'on'the'right'shows'that'
vegetarianism'in'most'common'in'
India.'This'is'due'to'the'fact'that'most'
Indians'believe'in'Hinduism,'which'is'
a'religion'where'consuming'animals'
is'immoral.'The'USA'is'also'very'rich'
in'vegetarians'however'their'reasons'
are'mostly'health'related'and'to'
prevent'animal'slaughter.'Africa'is'an'
entire'continent,'where'
vegetarianism'is'least'common.'
Africa'is'still'developing'and'for'most'
people'food'is'a'scarce'resource.'
They'often'do'not'have'a'choice'of'
what'to'eat.'
Reduces'consumptions'of'vital'resources'
The'production'of'beef'and'other'animal'protein'consumes'huge'amounts'of'natural'resources'such'as'water,'fossil'fuels'
and'topsoil,'while'polluting'our'water'and'air.'
One'of'the'biggest'environmental'impacts'of'a'meat:eating'diet'is'the'depletion'of'natural'resources,'particularly'the'
consumption'of'vast'amounts'of'water'for'livestock'production.'Today,'there'are'more'than'17'billion'livestock'in'the'
world;'that’s'about'triple'the'number'of'people.'Raising'these'animals'requires'huge'amounts'of'water,'most'of'it'used'to'
irrigate'the'grains'and'hay'fed'to'the'animals.'According'to'the'Water'Education'Foundation,'it'takes'2,464'gallons'of'water'
to'produce'one'pound'of'beef'in'California.'This'is'the'same'amount'of'water'you'would'use'if'you'took'a'seven:minute'
shower'every'day'for'six'entire'months.'In'contrast,'only'25'gallons'of'water'are'needed'to'produce'one'pound'of'wheat.'
Present'human'water'consumption'drains'aquifers'around'the'world.'Water'tables'are'dropping'drastically'and'wells'are'
going'dry.'The'United'States'Geological'Survey'says'that'40%'of'fresh'water'used'in'the'U.S.'in'2000'went'to'irrigate'feed'
crops'for'livestock.'Only'13%'was'used'for'domestic'purposes'including'showers,'flushing'toilets,'washing'cars'and'
watering'lawns.'Switching'to'a'plant:based'diet'or'reducing'the'amount'of'meat'in'your'diet'is'by'far'the'most'important'
choice'you'can'make'to'save'water.'
Raising'livestock'depletes'other'natural'resources'as'well,'including'fossil'fuels'and'topsoil.'Aside'from'the'cost'of'grains'
used'to'feed'livestock'you'can'also'measure'the'cost'of'fossil'fuel'energy.'Agricultural'production'uses'ten'percent'of'the'
energy'used'every'year'in'the'United'States.'Roughly'40'calories'of'fossil'fuel'are'needed'to'produce'one'calorie'of'protein'
from'feedlot'beef'while'only'2'calories'of'fossil'fuel'are'needed'to'produce'one'calorie'of'protein'from'tofu.'
Topsoil'is'another'vital'natural'resource'being'used'faster'than'nature'can'replace'it.'The'production'of'corn'and'soybeans,'
the'grains'fed'to'livestock,'causes'massive'soil'erosion'because'those'crops'are'grown'in'rows.'The'bare'patches'between'
the'rows'expose'the'topsoil'to'both'wind'and'rain'erosion.'It'is'estimated'that'we'lose'nearly'7'billion'tons'of'topsoil'every'
year.'
Where'in'the'world'is'vegetarianism'most'
common?'
Alsha'Patel's16522''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''Food,'Water'and'Agriculture'

4. '
'
4'
Issue'#:'[Date]' Dolor'Sit'Amet'
Positive(
(
A'plant:based'diet'supplies'larger'quantities'of'
certain'antioxidants,'vitamins,'minerals'and'
phytonutrients,'as'are'some'of'the'essential'fatty'
acids.'Focusing'on'the'plant'kingdom'for'food'
naturally'aids'vegetarians'in'cutting'a'lot'of'sugar'
out'of'their'diet.''
Reduces(chances(of(developing(kidney(
stones.(
Diets'high'in'animal'protein'cause'the'body'to'
excrete'calcium,'oxalate,'and'uric'acid—the'main'
components'of'kidney'stones'and'gallstones.'A'diet'
high'in'animal'protein'is'responsible'for'the'high'
rates'(15%'of'men'and'7%'of'women)'of'kidney'
stones'in'the'United'States.'
(
Healthier(bones.(
Meat'has'high'renal'acid'levels,'which'the'
body'must'neutralize'by'leaching'calcium'from'
the'bones,'which'is'then'passed'into'urine'and'
lost.'There'are'many'sources'of'healthy'
vegetarian'calcium'including'tofu,'dark'leafy'
greens'like'kale,'spinach,'and'collard'greens,'as'
well'as'fortified'cereals.'
'
Lower(risk(of(heart(disease.
Vegetarians'have'a'24%'lower'mortality'from'
heart'disease'than'meat'eaters.'A'vegetarian'diet'
also'helps'lower'blood'pressure,'prevent'
hypertension,'and'thus'reduce'the'risk'of'stroke.''
(
Meat(increases(risk(of(type(2(diabetes.'
Eating'meat'increases'the'risk'of'getting'type'2'
diabetes'in'women'and'men.'A'vegetarian'diet'rich'
in'whole'grains,'legumes,'nuts,'and'soy'proteins'
helps'to'improve'glycemic'control'in'people'who'
already'have'diabetes.''
'
A(vegetarian(diet(delivers(complete(
nutrition(and(can(provide(health(benefits.(
A'vegetarian'diet'can'meet'protein'requirements,'
provide'all'the'essential'amino:acids'(the'building'
blocks'of'protein),'and'improve'health.'It'can'also'
provide'all'the'necessary'vitamins,'fats,'and'
minerals,'and'can'improve'one’s'health.'
Negative(
(
Meat(is(the(best(source(of(protein.(
In'one'serving,'meat'provides'all'the'essential'amino'
acids'(the'building'blocks'of'protein),'as'well'as'
essential'nutrients'such'as'iron,'zinc,'and'B'vitamins.'
Most'plant'foods'do'not'provide'adequate'levels'of'all'
the'essential'amino'acids'in'a'single'serving.'''
(
Meat(is(beneficial(to(immune(and(nervous(
systems.(
Saturated'fats'contain'the'fat:soluble'vitamins'A,'D,'E'
and'K,'and'the(cholesterol'from'saturated'animal'fat'is'
needed'for'the'proper'function'of'serotonin'receptors'
in'the'brain.'Vegetarians'suffer'significantly'more'
often'from'anxiety'disorder'and/or'depression.'Low'
cholesterol'levels'have'been'linked'to'depression.'
Saturated'fats'are'also'essential'for'building'and'
maintaining'cell'health,'and'help'the'body'absorb'
calcium.'
'
Meat(is(the(best(source(of(vitamin(B12.(
Although'it'is'also'found'in'eggs'and'dairy,'a'peer:
reviewed'July'2003'study'showed'two'in'three'
vegetarians'were'vitamin'B12'deficient'compared'to'
one'in'20'meat'eaters.''
'
Meat(helps(with(weight(loss.'
It'takes'fewer'calories'to'get'protein'from'lean'meat'
than'it'does'from'vegetarian'options.'One'serving'of'
lean'beef'(3'oz.)'contains'as'much'protein'as'one'
serving'of'beans'(1½'cups)'or'a'veggie'burger.'
However,'the'lean'beef'has'half'the'calories'of'beans'
(180'vs.'374),'and'50%:75%'fewer'calories'than'the'
veggie'burger.''
'
Fish(provides(the(body(with(essential(omegaD3(
fatty(acids.''
Fish'are'a'powerful'source'of'the'omega:3'fatty'acids'
EPA'and'DHA,'which'are'important'for'brain'function,'
lowering'triglycerides,'and'reducing'the'risk'of'death'
from'heart'attacks'and'strokes.'Although'the'omega:3'
fatty'acid'ALA'can'be'found'in'plant'oils,'the'ALA'must'
first'be'converted'by'the'body'into'the'essential'EPA'
and'DHA.'The'process'is'inefficient'and'may'not'
provide'the'same'cardiovascular'benefits'as'eating'
fish.'
How.does.Vegetarianism.affect.your.health?.
Alsha'Patel's16522''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''Food,'Water'and'Agriculture'

5. '
'
5'
Issue'#:'[Date]' Dolor'Sit'Amet'
Vegetarianism.
and.Me:.
I.have.been.a.vegetarian.all.my.life..
Since.childhood.I.have.been.raised.
not.to.eat.meat.as.it.was.both.a.
preference.and.a.religious.belief.
for.my.family..I.personally.also.
think.that.cruelty.towards.animals.
for.food.is.unethical..
Although.I.am.from.India,.a.place.
where.vegetarianism.is.so.
common,.I.live.in.Hong.Kong...It’s.
very.different.here.as.almost.
everyone.follows.a.meat&based.
diet,.however.over.the.past.few.
years.this.has.been.changing..This.
was.a.very.fascinating.topic.for.me.
to.research.as.I.was.always.
vegetarian.but.I.had.never.thought.
of.its.benefits.and.what.effect.this.
has.on.the.environment.and.me...
.
I.believe.that.vegetarianism.is.
definitely.the.better.option.as.it.
contributes.to.solving.so.many.
issues.and.is.beneficial.in.many.
ways..Not.only.does.it.reduce.
green.house.gasses.and.is.good.for.
the.environment;.it.is.also.great.for.
your.health.'
The'Hong'Kong'Vegfest'is'an'
annual'festival'that'exhibits'
healthy'living'and'eco:
friendly'entities.'It'is'run'by'
volunteers'and'promotes'
vegetarianism'by'education'
people'of'its'health'benefits.'
Currently'only'2%'of'the'people'living'in'Hong'Kong'follow'a'
vegetarian'diet,'however'this'number'is'slowly'increasing.'Traditional'
Chinese'cuisine'in'Hong'Kong'does'not'provide'many'vegetarian'
options'with'items'like'pig’s'blood,'chicken’s'feet'and'shark'fin'on'the'
menu.'Buddhist'dining'establishments'have'always'been'around'in'
Hong'Kong'and'offer'vegetarian'options'however'they'are'quite'
unvaried.'
'
Events'such'as'the'Hong'Kong'VegFest'and'movements'like'Meat'Free'
Mondays,'are'helping'to'raise'awareness'of'the'health'benefits'of'
vegetarianism'and'are'slowly'winning'people'over.'Over'the'past'5'
years'there'has'also'been'an'increase'in'the'number'of'
Vegan/Vegetarian'restaurants'in'Hong'Kong.'Hong'Kong'is'also'home'
to'many'organic'farms.'The'founder'of'the'Hong'Kong'vegan'society'
says'“I'believe'we'need'to'make'an'informed'choice'about'the'food'
that'we'put'in'our'bodies,'and'to'eat'like'it'matters,”'“People'have'a'lot'
of'misconceptions'about'vegetarianism,'like'that'you'need'to'take'
supplements'to'have'a'well:balanced'diet,”'
Most'vegetarians'in'Hong'Kong'have'chosen'this'lifestyle'to'become'
healthier'and'also'to'avoid'animal'cruelty.'
Vegetarianism.in.Hong.
Kong.
Alsha'Patel's16522''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''Food,'Water'and'Agriculture'

6. '
'
Issue'#:'[Date]' Dolor'Sit'Amet'
'
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<http://vegetarian.procon.org>.
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omnivore-the-environmental-implications-of-diet/2014/03/10/648fdbe8-a495-11e3-a5fa-
55f0c77bf39c_story.html>.
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<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism>.
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Alsha'Patel's16522''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''Food,'Water'and'Agriculture'