Introduction3
Of course, in the middle of all of this is the
internet, capable of transferring compressed
digital video and audio around the world to any
user at any time.
This third edition ofVideo Demystifiedhas
been updated to reflect these changing times.
Implementing “real-world” video is not easy,
and many engineers have little knowledge or
experience in this area. This book is a guide
for those engineers charged with the task of
understanding and implementing video fea-
tures into next-generation designs.
This book can be used by engineers who
need or desire to learn about video, VLSI
design engineers working on new video prod-
ucts, or anyone who wants to evaluate or sim-
ply know more about video systems.
Contents
The remainder of the book is organized as fol-
lows:
Chapter 2, anintroduction to video,dis-
cusses the various video formats and signals,
wheretheyareused,andthedifferences
between interlaced and progressive video.
Block diagrams of DVD players and digital set-
top boxes are provided.
Chapter 3 reviews the common color
spaces, how they are mathematically related,
and when a specific color space is used. Color
spaces reviewed include RGB, YUV, YIQ,
YCbCr, HSI, HSV, and HLS. Considerations for
converting from a non-RGB to a RGB color
space and gamma correction are also dis-
cussed.
Chapter 4 is avideo signals overviewthat
reviews the video timing, analog representa-
tion, and digital representation of various video
formats, including 480i, 480p, 576i, 576p, 720p,
1080i, and 1080p.
Chapter 5 discusses theanalog video inter-
faces, including the analog RGB, YPbPr, s-
video, and SCART interfaces for SDTV and
HDTV consumer and pro-video applications.
Chapter 6 discusses the various parallel
and serialdigital video interfacesfor semicon-
ductors, pro-video equipment, and consumer
SDTV and HDTV equipment. Reviews the
BT.656, VMI, VIP, and ZV Port semiconductor
interfaces, the SDI, SDTI and HD-SDTI pro-
video interfaces, and the DVI, DFP, OpenLDI,
GVIF, and IEEE 1394 consumer interfaces.
Also reviewed are the formats for digital audio,
timecode,errorcorrection,etc.fortransmis-
sion over various digital interfaces.
Chapter 7 covers severaldigital video pro-
cessingrequirements such as 4:4:4 to 4:2:2
YCbCr, YCbCr digital filter templates, scaling,
interlaced/noninterlaced conversion, scan rate
conversion (also called frame-rate, field-rate, or
temporal-rate conversion), alpha mixing,
flicker filtering, chroma keying, and DCT-
based video compression. Brightness, con-
trast, saturation, hue, and sharpness controls
are also discussed.
Chapter 8 provides anNTSC,PAL,and
SECAM overview. The various composite ana-
log video signal formats are reviewed, along
with video test signals. VBI data discussed
includes timecode (VITC and LTC), closed
captioning and extended data services (XDS),
widescreen signaling (WSS), and teletext. In
addition, PALplus, RF modulation, BTSC and
Zweiton analog stereo audio, and NICAM 728
digital stereo audio are reviewed.
Chapter 9 covers digital techniques used
for theencoding and decoding of NTSC and
PALcolor video signals. Also reviewed are var-
ious luma/chroma (Y/C) separation tech-
niques and their trade-offs.
Chapter 10 discusses theH.261 and H.263
video compression standards used for video
teleconferencing.