1M.M. Jonas (ed.), Viral Hepatitis in Children: Unique Features and Opportunities,
Clinical Gastroenterology, DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-373-2_1,
© Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2010
Key Concepts
Hepatitis A virus is the most common viral hepatitis globally.•
Hepatitis A virus is a serious public health concern, and causes significant mor-•
bidity and mortality.
The changing epidemiological features of hepatitis A are associated with the •
inception of vaccine programs.
Hepatitis A infection has numerous clinical presentations.•
Keywords
Hepatitis A • Epidemiology • Clinical manifestations • Prevention
• Public health
Introduction
Hepatitis A virus (HAV), a non-enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus of the
Picornaviridae family, was first detected by immune electron microscopy by Purcell
in 1973. Globally, it is the most common form of viral hepatitis. It is transmitted
via the fecal–oral route, spreading primarily through close individual contact, and
has been the most common cause of acute hepatitis in the United States, and
throughout the world. Due to advances in detection, prevention, and prophylaxis,
infection with HAV has been on the decline. The development of accurate serologic
tests has allowed for investigations into the epidemiology, clinical features, natural
history, and rapid diagnosis of this disease.
M. Rook (*)
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue MU4E,
San Francisco, CA 94108, USA
e-mail:
[email protected]
Hepatitis A in Children
Michelle Rook and Philip Rosenthal