VOCABULARY, Group of words, Synonym, Antonyms, Word formation

For Spoken English and also for writing

1. Vocabulary Presented to: Ms. Kashifa Rana Presented by: Rimsha Sadiq

2. CONTENTS At the end of this presentation the students will be able to discuss: What is Vocabulary ? What is the importance of Vocabulary ? W h a t a r e t h e t y p e s o f Vocabulary ? What are synonyms and antonyms ? What are i d i o m s , p h r a s e s , homonyms ,homophones and homographs? W h a t a r e t h e w a y s t o i m p r o ve v ocabulary s k i l l s ? W h a t a r e t h e o b s t a c les t o v o c a b u lary d e v e lopment ?

3. VOCABULARY Vocabulary is commonly defined as " all the words known and used by a particular person. " Knowing a word, however, is not as simple as simply being able to recognize or use it. There are several aspects of word knowledge which are used to knowledge.

4. IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY An extensive vocabulary aids expression and communication. Vocabulary size has been directly linked to reading comprehension. Linguistic vocabulary is synonymous with thinking vocabulary. A person may be judged by others based on his or her vocabulary.

5. “ Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.” Wilkins (1972 )

6. T Y P ES O F V O C A BULARY T h e r e a r e t h r e e t y p e s of V o c a b u lary : L i s t e n i n g V o c a b ulary S p e a k i ng V ocabulary R e a d i ng V o c a bulary W r i t i ng V o c a bulary

7. C o n t . . L i s t e n ing Vocabulary The words we hear and understand . S p eaking Vocabulary The words we use when we speak. R e a ding V o c a bulary The words we understand when we read text . W r i ting Vocabulary The words we can retrieve when we write to express ourselves.

8. SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS SYNONYMS A synonym is a word with the same or similar meaning of another word. similar words are said to be synonymous. The state of being a synonym is called synonymy. Examples: Verb: buy and purchase Adjective: big and large ANTONYMS An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning as the another word. Opposite words are said to be antonyms. The state of being an antonym is called antonymy. Examples: Man and women Day and night

9. IDIOMS “An idiom is a phrase where the words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words.” It's figurative meaning is separate from the literal meaning .

10. IDIOM MEANING This means 'to do two things at the same time’. When something happens very rarely. When two (or more people) agree on something. 'to hear a rumor' about something or someone. Kill two birds with one stone. Once in a blue moon See eye to eye Hear it on the grapevine COMMON IDIOMATIC PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

11. PHRASES “A phrase is a group of related words that acts as a single part of speech.” Certain phrases have specific names based on the type of word that begins or governs the word group: noun phrase, verb phrase, prepositional phrase, infinitive phrase, participle phrase, gerund phrase, and absolute phrase. Some examples of phrases: The sophisticated pair of jeans Pair =noun; the , sophisticated , of jeans =modifiers On time On =preposition; time =noun

12. HOMONYMS Homo=same, Nym =name Homonym =Same Name “ Homonyms are words that sound alike and spells the same but have different meanings .” Examples: BAT-BAT LIGHT-LIGHT TIE-TIE

13. HOMOPHONES Homo=same, Phone=sound Homophone =Same Sound “ Homophones are words that sound alike , but have different spellings and meanings .” Examples: week-weak see-sea pair-pear

14. HOMOGRAPHS Homo=same, Graph=writing Homograph =Same Writing “ Homographs are words that are spelled the same , but have different sounds and meanings . “ Examples: saw-saw Bass- Bass

15. W A Y S T O I M PROVE V O CABULARY S K I L LS Collect resources Create a list of words to learn Read news sources Review specialized sources Listen to English sources Practice by yourself Speak with others

16. B A R R IERS T O V O C A BULARY D E V E LOPMENT The size of the task The differences between spoken English and written The limitations of sources of information about words The complexity of word knowledge Motivation Student Personality